身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.04.008

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 421-428.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.04.008

身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述

钟晓珂¹,张继¹,王志鹏²,蒋长好³()

1.首都体育学院研究生部,北京市 100191
2.清华大学附属小学昌平学校,北京市100084
3.首都体育学院运动脑成像研究中心,北京市100089

收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-03-12 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-05-05
通讯作者: 蒋长好 E-mail:jiangchanghao@cupes.edu.cn
作者简介:钟晓珂(1996-),女,汉族,河南濮阳市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：脑科学与运动认知。
基金资助:
北京市社会科学基金项目(19YTA001);科技创新服务能力建设-高精尖学科建设项目(分类发展)(PXM2021_014206_000030)

Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children: a systematic review

ZHONG Xiaoke¹,ZHANG Ji¹,WANG Zhipeng²,JIANG Changhao³()

1. Graduate Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
2. Affiliated Primary School of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100089, China

Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-03-12 Published:2022-04-25 Online:2022-05-05
Contact: JIANG Changhao E-mail:jiangchanghao@cupes.edu.cn
Supported by:
Beijing Social Science Foundation Project(19YTA001);Service Capacity Construction of Science and Technology Innovation-Construction of Advanced, Elite and Advanced Disciplines (Classified Development)(PXM2021_014206_000030)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的影响。方法采用主题词检索的方式,在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO等数据库检索身体活动对超重儿童神经认知功能的相关文献,检索时间为2000年1月至2022年1月。筛选后提取作者、国家、文章发表时间、研究对象年龄、研究方法、干预时间、测量工具以及研究结果等信息,同时采用PEDro量表对文章进行方法学质量评估。结果筛选后纳入12篇文献,来自美国、意大利、比利时和中国4个国家,主要发表在心理、临床医学、神经科学、体育教育等期刊,PEDro量表平均得分为6.67分。研究设计包括随机对照试验和前后测设计两种。研究对象的年龄7~12岁,共909例被试。涉及的身体活动类型包括体能类、技能类和运动项目类。超重儿童参与身体活动的康复效果主要体现在提高认知和脑可塑性两个方面。在认知方面,参与身体活动可以提高超重儿童的注意、记忆、抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。在脑可塑性方面,可以提高大脑白质完整性,增大海马体积,增强大脑激活和大脑网络连接性。结论身体活动是一项简单而又有效的锻炼方式,不仅可以提高超重儿童的注意、记忆、执行功能等认知,还能改善大脑结构和大脑功能。但是这一效应的神经机制、影响因素的交互作用以及量效关系尚待进一步研究。

关键词: 身体活动, 超重, 儿童, 认知, 脑, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To explore the affect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children.Methods The literatures about the effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children were retrieved with subjected retrieval method in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO databases from January, 2000 to January, 2022. The authors, countries, published years, ages of subjects, research methods, intervention time, measurement tools and measurement indicators were extracted.Results Twelve articles were selected finally. These articles came from United States, Italy, Belgium and China, were mainly published in journals of psychology, clinical medicine, neuroscience, physical education. The study design included randomized controlled trials and pre-post-trial. The mean PEDro score was 6.67. The types of physical activity included fitness, skills and sports activities. The overweight children participating in physical activities could benefit from cognition and brain plasticity. On the cognition, physical activity could improve attention, memory, inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. In terms of brain plasticity, physical activity could improve the integrity of brain white matter, increase hippocampal volume, enhance brain activation and brain network connectivity.Conclusion Physical activity is a simple and effective form of exercise. It can improve not only attention, memory, executive function and other cognitive functions, but also brain structure and brain function in overweight children. The mechanism of cognition, the interaction between physical activity and other factors, and the dose-relationship between physical activity and cognitive benefits still need to be explored in the future.

Key words: physical activity, overweight, children, cognition, brain, systematic review

钟晓珂,张继,王志鹏,蒋长好. 身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(4): 421-428.

ZHONG Xiaoke,ZHANG Ji,WANG Zhipeng,JIANG Changhao. Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children: a systematic review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(4): 421-428.

图/表 4

表1

图1

表2

纳入文献基本特征"

纳入文献	国家	年龄/岁	n	设计	干预方式	干预时间	干预地点	干预效果	测量工具
Chou等^[19] (2020)	中国	10~12	44(实验组) 40(对照组)	RCT	跑步、跳绳、足球、篮球	每次40 min,每周3次,共8周	学校	注意、执行功能提高	测定试验Stroop
Gallotta等^[20] (2015)	意大利	8~11	56(实验组1) 59(实验组2) 41(对照组)	RCT	排球、篮球、体操	每次1 h,每周2次,共5个月	学校	注意提高	d2-R
Drollette等^[21] (2020)	美国	9~11	39	前后测设计	跑步机	20 min	实验室	记忆提高	单词记忆
Davis等^[22] (2011)	美国	7~11	56(实验组1) 55(实验组2) 60(对照组)	RCT	游戏运动、跳绳、足球和篮球	每次40或20 min,每周5次,共15周	医院	执行功能提高	认知评估系统
Hwang等^[23] (2021)	美国	8~12	20(实验组) 20(对照组)	RCT	特技跑、钢琴等游戏运动	4.5 min	学校	执行功能提高	Stroop
Raine等^[24] (2017)	美国	8~10	77(实验组) 77(对照组)	RCT	基于儿童和青少年的心肺体能课程	每次2 h,每周5次,共9周	学校	执行功能提高	Flanker
Crova等^[25] (2014)	意大利	9~10	37(实验组) 33(对照组)	RCT	动作技巧训练和网球训练	每周一节体育课和2 h训练,共6个月	学校	执行功能提高	随机数生成任务
Schaeffer等^[26] (2014)	美国	8~11	10(实验组) 8(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	额颞叶白质完整性提高	MRI
Krafft等^[27] (2014)	美国	8~11	10(实验组) 8(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	执行功能提高、白质完整性提高	执行功能评定量表、DTI
Augustijn等^[28] (2019)	比利时	7~11	25(实验组) 24(对照组)	RCT	散步、游泳、舞蹈、足球、排球、篮球	每周8 h,共5个月	未说明	大脑灰质体积增加	认知评估软件、MRI
Krafft等^[29] (2014)	美国	8~11	24(实验组) 43(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏、跳绳	每次40 min,每周4/5次,共8个月	预防中心	中央前回与后顶叶激活降低,而前扣带回与额上回激活增加	眼跳、Flanker、fMRI
Krafft等^[30] (2014)	美国	8~11	24(实验组) 19(对照组)	RCT	捉人游戏和跳绳	每次40 min,每周4~5次,共8个月	预防中心	运动网络的功能连接提高	fMRI

表2

表3

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类别		内容定义
干预方式	体能类	肌肉力量活动：仰卧起坐、俯卧撑等。肌肉耐力活动：长跑、游泳、自行车等。心肺耐力活动：健步走、慢跑等。柔韧性活动：瑜伽、舞蹈等。
	技能类	粗大/精细技能活动：举、推、抓等。基本动作技能活动：跑、跳、攀爬等。启动转移技能活动：步行、交通等。
	运动项目类	竞技类：篮球、足球排球、网球等。休闲类：跳绳、舞蹈、体操等。
干预效果	身体功能	b140注意功能
		b144记忆功能
		b164执行功能
	身体结构	s110脑的结构
干预指标	行为	反应时和正确率
干预指标	脑影像	脑结构和功能

研究	资格标准	随机分配	分配隐藏	基线相似	被试施盲	治疗师施盲	被试流失率≤15%	意向性分析	组间统计比较	变异性测量	总分
Chou等^[19](2020)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Gallotta等^[20](2015)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Drollette等^[21](2020)	√			√			√	√	√	√	5
Davis等^[22](2011)	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	9
Hwang等^[23](2021)	√						√	√	√	√	4
Raine等^[24](2017)	√	√			√	√	√	√	√	√	7
Crova等^[25](2014)		√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Schaeffer等^[26](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Krafft等^[27](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Augustijn等^[28](2019)	√	√	√				√	√	√	√	6
Krafft等^[29](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Krafft等^[30](2014)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7

身体活动改善超重儿童神经认知功能的系统综述

Effect of physical activity on neurocognitive function of overweight children: a systematic review

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