目的观察热射病后大鼠海马组织CA1 区锥体细胞数量随时间的变化。方法Sprague-Dawley 大鼠分为对照组(n=5)和热射病组(n=14)，后者又分为7 d、21 d 两个亚组，每亚组7 只。热射病组建立热射病模型，于预定各个时间点取大鼠脑组织进行尼氏染色，计数海马CA1 区存活锥体细胞。结果热射病组海马CA1 区锥体细胞数明显减少(F=11.80, P<0.01)，其中21 d 亚组低于7 d 亚组(P<0.05)。结论热射病后海马组织CA1 区锥体神经细胞随时间减少，可能是导致学习、记忆受损的原因之一。

Objective To observe the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area varying with time after heat stroke in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=5) and heat stroke group (n=14), and the heat stroke group was divided into 7-day subgroup and 21-day subgroup (n=7 at each group) after heat stroke. Heat stroke group was established model of heat stroke. The brain tissues of rats were observed with Nissl staining to count the living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area. Results The number of living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decreased in the heat stroke group (F=11.80, P<0.01), and decreased more in the 21-day subgroup than in the 7-day subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion Pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decrease with time after heat stroke, which may be associated with the learning and memory impairment.