《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2019, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1255-1259.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2019.11.003

• 专题 康复体育研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

参与体育活动学龄儿童视功能的年龄与性别差异

周晟1, 陈健2, 张健3, 谈强1, 陈钢1, 潘景玲1, 蔡赓1   

  1. 1.苏州大学体育学院/苏州大学运动康复研究中心，江苏苏州市 215021
    2.苏州市吴中区教学研究室，江苏苏州市 215104
    3.苏州市吴中区东山实验小学，江苏苏州市 215107
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-31 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 谈强, E-mail: danqer@163.com E-mail:danqer@163.com
  • 作者简介:周晟(1996-)，女，汉族，江苏常熟市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：体育运动心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(No. 19BTY078)

Impacts of Age and Gender on Vision in School Children Accepting Physical Activities

ZHOU Sheng1, CHEN Jian2, ZHANG Jian3, TAN Qiang1, CHEN Gang1, PAN Jing-ling1, CAI Geng1   

  1. 1.School of Physical Education and Sports, Sports Rehabilitation Study Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    2.Teaching Research Office, Suzhou High-tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215104, China
    3.Dongshan Experirnental Primary School, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215107, China
  • Received:2019-10-31 Published:2019-11-25 Online:2019-11-21
  • Contact: TAN Qiang, E-mail: danqer@163.com E-mail:danqer@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Supported by National Social Science Fund of China (No. 19BTY078)

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摘要： 目的 分析参与体育活动儿童青少年年龄、性别与动态视敏度、静态视敏度的关系。方法 2018年5月至2019年9月，方便抽取学龄儿童1465例参与静态视敏度和动态视敏度测量。结果 6~9岁儿童动态视敏度随年龄增长而升高，11~14岁随年龄增长呈下降趋势；男生动态视敏度显著高于女生(t = 5.147, P < 0.001)。6~8岁儿童静态视敏度随年龄增长而下降，8~11岁呈波动式变化，11~14岁随年龄增长而下降，女生下降幅度较大。男生静态视敏度显著高于女生(t = 3.692, P < 0.001)。6~8岁儿童近视百分比随年龄增长而上升，8~11岁波动较大，11~14岁近视百分比大幅上升。年龄与动态视敏度低度正相关(r = 0.046, P < 0.05)，与静态视敏度中度负相关(r = -0.364, P < 0.05)，动态视敏度与静态视敏度呈中度正相关(r = 0.409, P < 0.05)。路径分析显示，年龄、性别不同程度直接或间接影响动态视敏度、右眼视力、左眼视力和静态视敏度。结论 男生视力总体优于女生；年龄与动态视敏度呈正相关。应根据年龄和性别发展差异，特别是视功能发展的敏感期，设计不同的体育锻炼方法，以提升体育锻炼改善青少年视功能的效果。

关键词: 学龄儿童, 动态视敏度, 静态视敏度, 年龄, 性别, 体育锻炼

Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of age and gender on kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and static visual acuity (SVA) in school children accepting physical activities. Methods From May, 2018 to September, 2019, 1465 school children from various schools of Suzhou City were measured SVA and KVA with standard logarithmic visual chart and KVA detector. Results KVA increased with age as six to nine years old, and decreased as eleven to 14. KVA was better in boys than in girls (t = 5.147, P < 0.001). SVA decreased with age as six to eight years old, fluctuated as eight to eleven, and decreased as eleven to 14, especially for girls. SVA was also better in boys than in girls (t = 3.692, P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age as six to eight years old, and increased more significantly as eleven to 14. There was a low positive correlation between age and KVA (r = 0.046, P < 0.05), and a moderate negative correlation between age and SVA (r = -0.364, P < 0.05). KVA was positively correlated with SVA (r = 0.409, P < 0.05). Age, gender, KVA, right SVA and left SVA were the factors related with SVA. Conclusion Vision is better in school boys than in girls. There is positive correlation between age and KVA. It is necessary to develop physical exercise according to age and gender to improve vision development, especially at the sensitive stage of visual function.

Key words: school children, kinetic visual acuity, static visual acuity, age, gender, physical exercise

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