《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 534-538.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.05.008

• 专题 基于大数据残疾人康复需求与服务及其影响因素研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

极重度和重度成年智力残疾人护理需求与护理服务结构方程模型

陈佳妮1,2,3,4,李安巧4,5,李伦4,6,邱卓英1,2,4(),孙宏伟4,7,田宝3(),申兆慧1,2,3,4,李欣4,6,陈迪1,2,4,朱婷8,马洪卓4,7,田红梅5,程子玮5   

  1. 1.中国康复研究中心康复信息研究所,北京市 100068
    2.中国康复科学所康复信息研究所,北京市 100068
    3.首都师范大学心理学院,北京市 100037
    4.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
    5.中国智力和发展性残疾分级、评估与康复（运动）重点实验室/郑州大学体育学院（校本部）,河南郑州市 450001
    6.深圳市残疾人联合会,广东深圳市 518008
    7.中国ICF研究院/潍坊医学院,山东潍坊市 261053
    8.深圳市龙岗区特殊教育学校,广东深圳市 518100
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-30 出版日期:2020-05-25 发布日期:2020-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 邱卓英,田宝 E-mail:qiutiger@hotmail.com;tianbao65@126.com
  • 作者简介:陈佳妮(1992-),女,汉族,北京市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：康复科学、ICF、残疾研究和应用心理学|李安巧(1993-),女,汉族,贵州凯里市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：体育与健康、ICF、康复科学、健康与康复大数据研究、健康与康复服务研究、康复心理学、残疾研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(重大科学研究引导基金项目)(2017CZ-7);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(重大科学研究引导基金项目)(2018CZ-4)

Unmet Needs and Services of Nursing Care for Adults with Extremely Severe and Severe Intellectual Disabilities Using Structural Equation Analysis

CHEN Jia-ni1,2,3,4,LI An-qiao4,5,LI Lun4,6,QIU Zhuo-ying1,2,4(),SUN Hong-wei4,7,TIAN Bao3(),SHEN Zhao-hui1,2,3,4,LI Xin4,6,CHEN Di1,2,4,ZHU Ting8,MA Hong-zhuo4,7,TIAN Hong-mei5,CHENG Zi-wei5   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, Beijing 100068, China
    2. Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Beijing 100068, China
    3. School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China
    4. WHO Collaborating Center for China, Family of International Classifications, Beijing 100068, China
    5. China Key Laboratory of Classification, Evaluation and Rehabilita‐ tion (Sport) of Intellectual and Development Disability/School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou Uni‐ versity, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
    6. Shenzhen Disabled Persons' Federation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518008, China
    7. China Academy of ICF/Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
    8. Shenzhen Longgang Special Education School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, China
  • Received:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-25 Online:2020-05-29
  • Contact: QIU Zhuo-ying,TIAN Bao E-mail:qiutiger@hotmail.com;tianbao65@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Special Fund Projects of Basic Research of Public Benefits for Institutes at Central Governmental Level (Leading Project of Major Scientific Research)(2017CZ-7);National Special Fund Projects of Basic Research of Public Benefits for Institutes at Central Governmental Level (Leading Project of Major Scientific Research)(2018CZ-4)

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摘要：

目的 研究极重度和重度成年智力残疾人的残疾现状及护理需求和护理服务的特点及其相关影响因素。方法 选取127 547名极重度和重度成年智力残疾人为研究对象,采用描述性统计和多重响应分析对残疾状况、护理需求与护理服务特点进行分析,构建护理需求与护理服务的结构方程模型,探讨他们之间的关系及其影响因素。结果 共26 038名极重度和重度成年智力残疾人报告康复需求,从高到低分别为护理(52.5%)、药物(36.9%)、辅助器具(20.9%)、功能训练(19.7%)和手术(0.8%);共11 640名极重度和重度成年智力残疾人报告接受康复服务,从高到低分别为护理(49.9%)、药物(36.8%)、功能训练(19.1%)、辅助器具(14.1%)和手术(1.0%)。结构方程模型显示,有无接受护理服务(总效应= 0.646)、有无接受康复服务(总效应= 0.014)、年龄(总效应= 0.031)、户口性质(总效应= 0.015)和受教育情况(总效应= -0.158)均对护理需求存在影响(P < 0.001)。 结论 极重度和重度成年智力残疾人接受到的护理服务为其主要需求。应根据残疾人康复经历、年龄、家庭社会经济情况、功能状态和需求特点等,开发个性化护理服务项目,提供个别化精准康复。

关键词: 智力残疾, 护理, 康复需求, 康复服务

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics and related factors of unmet needs of nursing care and service for adults with extremely severe and severe intellectual disabilities.Methods A total of 127 547 adults with extremely severe and severe intellectual disabilities were sampled. Descriptive statistics and multiple response analysis were conducted, and a structural equation model of unmet needs of nursing care and received the services was developed. Results A total of 26 038 adults with extremely severe and severe intellectual disabilities reported unmet needs of rehabilitation, including nursing care (52.50%), medicine (36.90%), assistive device (20.90%), functional training (19.70%) and surgery (0.80%) respectively. A total of 11 640 adults with extremely severe and severe intellectual disabilities reported received rehabilitation services, including nursing care (49.90%), medicine (36.80%), functional training (19.10%), assistive device (14.10%) and surgery (1.00%) respectively. The structural equation model showed that received nursing care service (main effect = 0.646) and received rehabilitation services (included nursing care) (main effect = 0.014), age (main effect = 0.031), household registration (main effect = 0.015) and educational level (main effect = -0.158) had effects on unmet needs of nursing care (P < 0.001). Conclusion Adults with extremely severe and severe intellectual disabilities reported unmet needs mainly involved in field of nursing care, and their rehabilitation services mapped to their main needs. It proposed to develop rehabilitation services tailored to their rehabilitation experience, age, socioeconomic status, functional conditions and characteristic of unmet needs, to develop accessible services items and individualized nursing care programs, and to expand the nursing care service supply and coverage of nursing care.

Key words: intellectual disabilities, nursing care, unmet needs of rehabilitation, services of rehabilitation

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