《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1365-1373.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.12.001

• 专题 身体活动与健康及ICF应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的国际政策架构与内容研究

张萌1,2,3,周晟1,2,3,邱卓英2,3,4,5,邱服冰2,3,6,杨剑2,3,7,王少璞3,8,朱婷3,9,李安巧2,3,郝传萍2,3,10,殷荣宾1,蔡赓1,2,3,王国祥1,2,3,汤修齐2,3,11,刘静2,3,11,杨宝仪1,2,3   

  1. 1. 苏州大学体育学院/苏州大学运动康复研究中心,江苏苏州市215021
    2. 世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心,北京市 100068
    3. 中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261000
    4. 中国康复研究中心/中国康复科学所,北京市 100068
    5. 康复大学,山东青岛市 266071
    6. 深圳大学体育部体育与健康科学研究中心,广东深圳市 518060
    7. 华东师范大学体育与健康学院,青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海市 200241
    8. 广东体育职业学院,广东广州市 510000
    9. 深圳市龙岗区特殊教育学校,广东深圳市 518000
    10. 北京联合大学特殊教育学院,北京市 100075
    11. 武汉理工大学体育部体育科学研究所,湖北武汉市 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-05 修回日期:2021-11-23 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 蔡赓,王国祥
  • 作者简介:张萌(1998-),女,汉族,山东济南市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：健康科学、学校健康、身体活动与健康、体育运动心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY078)

Framework and Contents of International Policies of Inclusive Physical Activity to School Health

ZHANG Meng1,2,3,ZHOU Sheng1,2,3,QIU Zhuo-ying2,3,4,5,QIU Fu-bing2,3,6,YANG Jian2,3,7,WANG Shao-pu3,8,ZHU Ting3,9,LI An-qiao2,3,HAO Chuan-ping2,3,10,YIN Rong-bin1,CAI Geng1,2,3,WANG Guo-xiang1,2,3,TANG Xiu-qi2,3,11,LIU Jing2,3,11,YANG Bao-yi1,2,3   

  1. 1. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Research Center of Sport and Exercise Rehabilitation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    2. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
    3. China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
    4. China Rehabilitation Research Centre/China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
    5. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    6. Center of Physical Education, Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
    7. Key Laboratory of Health Evaluation and Sport Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Sport and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    8. Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sports,Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
    9. Longgang Special Education School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
    10. Special Education College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100075, China
    11. Institute for Sport Science, Department of Physical Education of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
  • Received:2021-11-05 Revised:2021-11-23 Published:2021-12-25 Online:2021-12-29
  • Contact: CAI Geng,WANG Guo-xiang
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation of China(19BTY078)

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摘要：

目的 系统研究世界卫生组织(WHO)身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的相关政策架构与核心内容。方法 应用内容分析法和WHO健康服务体系理论,对WHO学校健康和身体活动相关领域的核心政策文件进行系统内容分析,构建身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的政策架构。WHO在学校健康领域核心政策文件包括《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》《WHO关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,在身体活动领域核心文件主要有《2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划：加强身体活动,造就健康世界》《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》(儿童青少年部分)。结果 身体活动作为一项健康战略和发展战略,是建设健康促进学校的重要手段之一。在健康和教育领域,建设健康促进学校的关键是关注儿童功能和发展,以促进学校健康包容性和公平性为目标。在学校环境中,将儿童青少年身体活动纳入以健康促进为主的学校健康服务连续体中。在宏观层面,国家和有关部门应建立身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的战略架构和战略规划;在中观层面,教育机构应依据WHO学校健康服务指南的要求来制定和改进学校健康服务政策和方案,完善学校健康服务手段。通过提供高质量体育课程和课后身体活动实现儿童青少年健康服务;在微观层面,以构建健康促进学校的全球标准为指导,将身体活动以课程和活动的形式,促进儿童青少年健康发展。将身体活动融入学校健康服务体系,需从学校健康领导力与治理、学校基础设施筹资、支持身体活动的学校健康服务提供、学校健康人力资源、学校健康相关医药技术以及学校健康信息系统六个领域入手,实施健康促进学校政策行动、加强多层级的学校领导力与治理,筹措必要资金,开发适应健康促进学校建设的人力资源并建设支持身体活动的方案。结论 学校健康服务是促进儿童健康与实现联合国可持续发展目标的重要领域,身体活动是学校健康服务的重要内容。WHO颁布的相关核心政策文件,构建了身体活动融入学校健康服务体系的政策架构,其核心内容是要通过教育和体育手段将身体活动融入健康促进学校健康服务体系中,构建健康促进学校服务体系,促进儿童青少年健康发展。根据WHO健康服务体系构成六要素,身体活动融入学校健康服务体系需要加强学校健康领导力与治理、完善学校基础设施筹资,发展学校健康人力资源,研发基于学校的健康相关医药技术,建立共享学生健康数据的健康信息系统。

关键词: 身体活动, 学校健康服务体系, 健康促进学校

Abstract:

Objective To systematically analyze the framework and core content of physical activity inclusive school health policies. Methods This study conducted systematic content analysis of key messages of WHO key documents related to physical activity and school health services, and constructed policy and research framework. WHO's key policy documents in the field of school health included: Making Every School a Health-Promoting School Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and the Global Criteria and Indicators for Making Every School a Health-Promoting School, and the key documents in the field of physical activity mainly include Global Action Plan for Physical Activity Promotion 2018-2030: Strengthening Physical Activity for a Healthy World, and WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (Children and adolescents). Results Physical activity, as a health strategy and development strategy, is one of the most important tools for achieving health-promoting schools. In the area of health and education, the key to building health-promoting schools is to focus on child functioning and development, with the goal of promoting healthy inclusion and equity in schools. In the school setting, physical activity for children and adolescents is integrated into the school health service continuum with a focus on health promotion. At the macro level, the state and relevant authorities should establish a strategic structure and strategic planning for the integration of physical activity into the school health service system. At the meso level, educational institutions should develop and improve school health service policies and programs, and improve school health service tools based on the requirements of WHO school health service guidelines. Child health services are achieved through the provision of high-quality physical education programs and after-school physical activities. At the micro level, guided by global standards for building health-promoting schools, physical activity is promoted in the form of lessons and activities for healthy child development. Integrating physical activity into the school health service system can be done in six areas: school health leadership and governance, school infrastructure funding, school health service delivery that supports physical activity, human resources for school health, school health-related medicine and technology, and school health information system. We need to implement health-promoting school policies, strengthen multi-level school leadership and governance, raise the necessary funds to develop human resources adapted to the construction of health-promoting schools and build programs to support physical activity. Conclusion School health service is an important area for promoting children's health and achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and physical activity is an important strategy of school health services. Policy documents issued by WHO construct the integration of physical activity into the policy framework of the school health service system, of which the core component is to integrate physical activity into the health-promoting school with educational and physical activity approaches. According to the WHO six building blocks of health service system, the integration of physical activity into the school health requires strengthening school health leadership and governance, improving school infrastructure financing, developing school health human resources, developing school-based health-related medical technologies, and establishing a health information system for sharing student health data.

Key words: physical activity, school health service system, health promoting schools

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