基于ICF智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.12.004

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1393-1401.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.12.004

• 专题身体活动与健康及ICF应用 • 上一篇下一篇

基于ICF智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康研究

郝传萍¹,郑尉²,邱卓英^3,^4,^5,⁶,李安巧^4,⁶,王少璞^6,⁷,朱婷^6,⁸,王梅¹,毛荣建¹,李悦¹,韩霄⁹()

1. 北京联合大学特殊教育学院,北京市 100075
2. 天津体育学院,天津市301617
3. 中国康复研究中心/中国康复科学所,北京市 100068
4. 世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
5. 康复大学,山东青岛市 266071
6. 中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261000
7. 广东体育职业学院,广东广州市 510000
8. 深圳市龙岗区特殊教育学校,广东深圳市 518000
9. 北京市海淀区盎辰适应体育培训中心,北京市 100084

收稿日期:2021-11-09 修回日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: 韩霄 E-mail:519969028@qq.com
作者简介:郝传萍(1965-),女,汉族,辽宁大连市人,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向：适应体育。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY12)

Physical Fitness for Children from Special Education Schools Based on ICF

HAO Chuan-ping¹,ZHENG Wei²,QIU Zhuo-ying^3,^4,^5,⁶,LI An-qiao^4,⁶,WANG Shao-pu^6,⁷,ZHU Ting^6,⁸,WANG Mei¹,MAO Rong-jian¹,LI Yue¹,HAN Xiao⁹()

1. Special Education College, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100075, China
2. Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
3. China Rehabilitation Research Centre/China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
4. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
5. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
6. China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
7. Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sports, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
8. Longgang Special Education School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000 China
9. Beijing Haidian District Angchen Adaptive Sports Training Center, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2021-11-09 Revised:2021-11-29 Published:2021-12-25 Online:2021-12-29
Contact: HAN Xiao E-mail:519969028@qq.com
Supported by:
National Social Science Fund of China(19BTY12)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨接受特殊教育的智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康功能状况及影响因素,基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)建立结构化的体质分析与运动干预方案。方法基于ICF架构和方法,分析智力与发展性障碍学生功能状态和体质特点以及影响因素,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)身体活动指南要求,构建基于功能的智力与发展性残疾儿童体质干预方案。结果基于ICF对智力与发展性障碍儿童的整体功能状态,特别是与智力残疾相关智力功能、活动和参与以及环境因素进行系统分析,并且结合相关的运动功能和体质健康进行讨论。基于ICF,参照《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》(儿童青少年)制定身体活动方案,研究相关的适应性支持策略。结论基于ICF可以对智力与发展性障碍儿童进行整体功能状态分析,涉及身体功能(包括智力功能和运动功能)、活动和参与以及环境因素。基于《WHO关于身体活动和久坐行为的指南》和ICF架构,构建了适用于智力与发展性障碍儿童的针对体质健康的身体活动方案,以及实施方案的适应性和支持性教学与训练方法。

关键词: 国际功能、残疾和健康分类, 体质健康, 智力障碍

Abstract:

Objective To explore the functional status and influencing factors of physical fitness of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in special education, and to establish framework of physical fitness for analysis of physical fitness and exercise intervention using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods Based on the ICF apporach, we analyzed the functional status and physical fitness characteristics and influencing factors of students in special education schools, and developed a function-based physical fitness intervention program for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities with reference to the requirements of WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (2020). Results A systematic analysis of the overall functional status of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities based on ICF, especially intellectual functions, activities and environmental factors related to intellectual disability, was conducted and discussed in the context of related motor functions and physical fitness. A physical activity program was developed based on the ICF and with reference to WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior (Children and Adolescents), and related adaptive support strategies were proposed. Conclusion The overall functional status of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities has been analyzed in body functioning (both intellectual and motor), activity and participation, and environmental factors. Based on WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior and the ICF framework, a physical activity program for physical fitness with adaptive and supportive teaching and training methods, has been developed for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Key words: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, physical fitness, intellectual disability

中图分类号:

郝传萍,郑尉,邱卓英,李安巧,王少璞,朱婷,王梅,毛荣建,李悦,韩霄. 基于ICF智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(12): 1393-1401.

HAO Chuan-ping,ZHENG Wei,QIU Zhuo-ying,LI An-qiao,WANG Shao-pu,ZHU Ting,WANG Mei,MAO Rong-jian,LI Yue,HAN Xiao. Physical Fitness for Children from Special Education Schools Based on ICF[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(12): 1393-1401.

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精神功能(ICF中对应编码)	体质健康功能(ICF中对应编码)
定向功能(b114)	呼吸功能(b440)(肺活量)
智力功能(b117)	运动耐受功能(b455)(20 m折返跑、6/9 min跑/走)
整体心理社会功能(b122)	体质量维持(b530)(体成分)
注意力功能(b140)	关节活动功能(b710)、关节稳定功能(b715)(坐位体前屈)
记忆功能(b144)	肌肉力量功能(b730)、肌张力功能(b735)、肌肉耐力功能(b740)(握力、立定跳远、肌张力、肌耐力、仰卧起坐)
情绪功能(b152)	不随意运动反应功能(b755)(单脚站立平衡)
知觉功能(b156)	随意运动反应功能(b760)(身体协调功能)
思维功能(b160)	步态功能(b770)
基本认知功能(b163)	其他特指或未特指的运动功能(b789)(粗大运动功能)
高水平认知功能(b164)	与肌肉和运动功能有关的感觉(b780)(痉挛状况)
语言精神功能(b167)
计算功能(b172)
序列复杂动作精神功能(b176)
自身体验和时间体验功能(b180)

活动方式	活动强度	活动频次	活动时间	应避免行为
有氧运动	中等到剧烈	1次/d	每次60 min	久坐 (屏幕娱乐)
有氧运动	剧烈	3次/周	自我感觉	久坐 (屏幕娱乐)

基于ICF智力与发展性障碍儿童体质健康研究

Physical Fitness for Children from Special Education Schools Based on ICF

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[3]	田俊夫, 杨剑. 物质滥用导致精神行为障碍有氧运动康复的健康和功能效益的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(4): 443-451.
[4]	张雪茹, 陈思齐, 胡伟斌, 刘巧云. 基于ICF-CY的残疾儿童综合性口语沟通功能调查[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(3): 320-325.
[5]	宋贝贝, 刘辉, 柏开祥. 基于ICF-CY残疾儿童青少年运动功能评价量表内容和心理测量指标的Scoping综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(2): 182-192.
[6]	杨亚茹, 杨剑. 基于ICD-11和ICF的活动和参与与生活质量测量工具的内容比较[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(12): 1454-1464.
[7]	王玉昌, 吴月, 付亏杰, 王正辉, 王亚洲, 郭学军, 庞伟. 基于ICF-CY平衡姿态悬吊治疗方案的设计[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(11): 1316-1326.
[8]	叶绿, 王斌, 邱服冰. 大学生身体活动的心理行为健康和功能效果：基于ICF的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(1): 38-47.
[9]	郭彤彤,杨剑,吴铭,郭正茂. 电竞活动对青少年健康和功能的影响及康复干预的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(8): 879-888.
[10]	杨晓龙,杨亚茹,邱服冰,郭凤宜,黄锦文,曹磊,张甜甜,宋为群. 基于ICF的作业治疗：理论架构与方法体系[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(6): 621-629.
[11]	柴丽,王梅. 基于ICF脑卒中核心分类组合评价轨道减重步行训练对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能康复的效果[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(6): 653-658.
[12]	杨亚茹,郝传萍. 基于ICF构建智力残疾儿童适应性体育课程体系[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(6): 659-669.
[13]	郑尉,孙立冰,刘春华,郝传萍. 智力残疾儿童青少年体质健康的可视化分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(12): 1435-1443.
[14]	陈思齐,赵航,王洁,夏彬,刘巧云. 2~6岁儿童沟通功能量表的开发与标准化：基于ICF-CY[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(12): 1444-1451.
[15]	黄兆欣,张艺,崔晨曦,祝晓静,肖晓飞. 基于ICF的青年女性“内八字”步态生物力学分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(12): 1459-1465.