轻度智力残疾儿童的自尊与心理地位特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究轻度智力残疾儿童的自尊、心理地位特征,以及适应性行为对自尊和心理地位的影响。方法 2019年11月至2020年1月,对上海162例轻度智力残疾儿童进行调查。采用适应性行为评定量表第二版(ABAS-Ⅱ)、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)和心理地位量表(LPS)进行评价。使用结构方程模型研究适应性行为对自尊与心理地位的具体影响。结果轻度智力残疾儿童的SES评分为(23.52±5.49),显著低于常模(28.75±4.86) (t = -12.140, P < 0.001);LPS评分为(50.76±11.85)。结构方程模型显示,适应性行为中的概念技能对轻度智力残疾儿童的心理地位有负向影响(B = -0.450, P < 0.05);社会技能(B = 0.480, B = 0.331, P < 0.05)和实用技能(B = 0.490, B = 0.294, P < 0.05)对轻度智力残疾儿童的心理地位和自尊有正向影响。结论轻度智力残疾儿童的自尊水平略低,心理地位水平达到理论中值。适应性行为中,社会技能和实用技能均对自尊和心理地位有显著的正向影响,概念技能对心理地位有负向影响。

关键词: 智力残疾, 儿童, 适应性行为, 自尊, 心理地位

Abstract:

Objective To study the characteristics of self-esteem and life position of children with mild intellectual disability and the effects of adaptive behavior on self-esteem and life position.Methods From November, 2019 to January, 2020, 162 children with mild intellectual disabilities in Shanghai were investigated and evaluated with Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-Second version (ABAS-Ⅱ), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) and Life Position Scale (LPS). Structural equation model was used to explore the specific effects of adaptive behavior on self-esteem and life position.Results The score of SES was (23.52±5.49), which was slightly lower than the norm (28.75±4.86) (t = -12.140, P < 0.001). The score of LPS was (50.76±11.85). Structural equation model showed that conceptual skill in adaptive behavior negatively affected life position (B = -0.450, P < 0.05); social skill (B = 0.480, B = 0.331, P < 0.05) and practical skill (B = 0.490, B = 0.294, P < 0.05) positively affected both life position and self-esteem.Conclusion Self-esteem decreases in children with mild intellectual disability, and the life position reached the theoretical median level. Among adaptive behavior, both social skill and practical skill positively affect self-esteem and life position, while conceptual skill negatively affects life position.

Key words: intellectual disability, children, adaptive behavior, self-esteem, life position

中图分类号:

R749

宋坤,李聪,梅冬卉,李治平,田宝. 轻度智力残疾儿童的自尊与心理地位特征[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(12): 1476-1482.

SONG Kun,LI Cong,MEI Dong-hui,LI Zhi-ping,TIAN Bao. Characteristics of Self-esteem and Life Position of Children with Mild Intellectual Disability[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(12): 1476-1482.

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项目		n
性别	男	61
	女	101
年龄	7~12岁	90
	13~18岁	72
父亲受教育程度	高中及以下	80
	大学及以上	82
母亲受教育程度	高中及以下	82
	大学及以上	80

变量		概念技能		社会技能		实用技能		自尊
变量		80分以下	80分及以上	80分以下	80分及以上	80分以下	80分及以上	20分以下	20分及以上
性别	男	23(14.2)	38(23.5)	51(31.5)	10(6.2)	12(7.4)	49(30.2)	14(8.6)	47(29.0)
	女	32(19.8)	69(42.6)	77(47.5)	24(14.8)	18(11.1)	83(51.2)	25(15.4)	76(46.9)
年龄	7~12岁	35(21.6)	55(34.0)	75(46.3)	15(9.3)	26(16.0)	64(39.5)	24(14.8)	57(35.2)
年龄	13~18岁	20(12.3)	52(32.1)	53(32.7)	19(11.7)	4(2.5)	68(42.0)	15(9.3)	66(40.7)
父亲受教育程度	高中及以下	21(13.0)	59(36.4)	63(38.9)	17(10.5)	12(7.4)	68(42.0)	20(12.3)	60(37.0)
	大学及以上	34(21.0)	48(29.6)	65(40.1)	17(10.5)	18(11.1)	64(39.5)	19(11.7)	63(38.9)
母亲受教育程度	高中及以下	27(16.7)	55(34.0)	68(42.0)	14(8.6)	13(8.0)	69(42.6)	19(11.7)	63(38.9)
	大学及以上	28(17.3)	52(32.1)	60(37.0)	20(12,3)	17(10.5)	63(38.9)	20(12.3)	60(37.0)
合计		55(34.0)	107(66.0)	128(79.0)	34(21.0)	30(18.5)	132(81.5)	39(24.1)	123(75.9)

变量		I+,U+	I+,U-	I-,U+	I-,U-
性别	男	32(19.8)	8(4.9)	3(1.9)	18(11.1)
性别	女	45(27.8)	21(13.0)	7(4.3)	28(17.3)
年龄	7~12岁	40(24.7)	16(9.9)	6(3.7)	28(17.3)
	13~18岁	37(22.8)	13(8.0)	4(2.5)	18(11.1)
父亲受教育程度	高中及以下	37(22.8)	13(8.0)	7(4.3)	23(14.2)
	大学及以上	40(24.7)	16(9.9)	3(1.9)	23(14.2)
母亲受教育程度	高中及以下	38(23.5)	15(9.3)	6(3.7)	23(14.2)
	大学及以上	39(24.1)	14(8.6)	4(2.5)	23(14.2)
合计		77(47.5)	29(17.9)	10(6.2)	46(28.4)