针刺对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察针刺对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的效果。

方法 2022年8月至12月，江苏大学附属第四人民医院门诊ADHD患者54例，随机分为对照组(n = 27)和观察组(n = 27)。两组均行脑电神经反馈训练，观察组结合针刺治疗，共12周。治疗前后采用视听整合测试(IVA-CPT)、Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)和脑电图进行评定。

结果治疗后，观察组IVA-CPT综合控制力商、综合注意力商和多动商显著提高(t > 3.889, P < 0.001)，且高于对照组(t > 2.040, P < 0.05)；PSQ各因子分显著降低(t > 6.630, P < 0.001)，且均显著低于对照组(t > 3.871, P < 0.001)；脑电图β波和感觉运动节律显著提高(t > 12.432, P < 0.001)，并显著高于对照组(t > 7.561, P < 0.001)；θ波显著降低(t = 9.966, P < 0.001)，并显著低于对照组(t = 7.257, P < 0.001)。

结论结合针刺治疗可进一步改善ADHD患儿脑电，提升注意力和控制力，改善核心症状。

关键词: 注意缺陷多动障碍, 儿童, 针刺, 脑电图, 康复

Abstract:

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods From August to December, 2022, 54 children with ADHD from the outpatient clinic of the Fourth People's Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were randomly divided into control group (n = 27) and observation group (n = 27). All the patients accepted electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback training, while the observation group accepted acupuncture in addition, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), and EEG before and after treatment.

Results The comprehensive control quotient, comprehensive attention quotient and hyperactivity quotient of IVA-CPT increased in the observation group after treatment (t > 3.889, P < 0.001), and they were more in the observation group than in the control group (t > 2.040, P < 0.05); while all the factors of PSQ reduced in the observation group (t > 6.630, P < 0.001), and they were less in the observation group than in the control group (t > 3.871, P < 0.001); the mean frequency of β and sensorimotor rhythms increased in the observation group (t > 12.432, P < 0.001), and they were more in the observation group than in the control group (t > 7.561, P < 0.001); the mean frequency of θ reduced in the observation group (t = 9.966, P < 0.001), and it was less in the observation group than in the control group (t = 7.257, P < 0.001).

Conclusion Combination of acupuncture is more effective on EEG in children with ADHD to improve attention, control and core symptoms.

Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, acupuncture, electroencephalogram, rehabilitation

中图分类号:

R749.93

王琰, 金龙涛. 针刺对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的效果[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(5): 615-620.

WANG Yan, JIN Longtao. Effect of acupuncture on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(5): 615-620.

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组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	分型(注意力缺陷/多动冲动/混合)/n	IQ
对照组	27	21/6	7.93±1.07	12/5/10	89±5
观察组	27	20/7	7.74±1.20	13/4/10	90±5
χ²/t值		0.101	0.628	0.151	0.510
P值		0.750	0.533	0.927	0.612

组别	n	时间	综合控制力商	综合注意力商	多动商
对照组	27	治疗前	77.52±18.35	64.26±14.52	104.81±8.32
		治疗后	86.56±8.45	71.37±10.18	109.11±5.75
观察组	27	治疗前	77.93±21.67	62.52±16.88	108.15±6.41
		治疗后	99.44±10.80	82.89±11.07	112.15±5.17
t值^a			2.324	2.083	2.207
P值^a			0.240	0.420	0.032
t值^b			4.620	5.245	3.889
P值^b			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
t值^c			0.750	0.406	1.649
P值^c			0.941	0.686	0.105
t值^d			4.883	3.980	2.040
P值^d			< 0.001	< 0.001	0.046

组别	n	时间	品行问题	多动指数	多动冲动
对照组	27	治疗前	1.36±0.84	2.05±0.25	2.21±0.21
		治疗后	1.33±0.70	1.87±0.16	2.12±0.21
观察组	27	治疗前	1.39±0.72	2.13±0.15	2.27±0.13
		治疗后	1.25±0.76	1.24±0.13	1.39±0.27
t值^a			1.320	15.140	12.530
P值^a			0.190	< 0.001	< 0.001
t值^b			6.630	23.080	15.170
P值^b			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
t值^c			1.369	1.396	1.265
P值^c			0.177	0.169	0.211
t值^d			3.871	16.049	11.048
P值^d			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

组别	n	时间	β波	θ波	SMR
对照组	27	治疗前	10.26±1.53	20.95±2.17	6.73±1.23
		治疗后	12.27±1.45	19.43±1.72	9.21±1.95
观察组	27	治疗前	9.55±1.23	21.64±2.30	6.89±0.95
		治疗后	20.92±3.31	15.56±2.18	13.07±1.80
t值^a			4.960	2.848	5.602
P值^a			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
t值^b			12.432	9.966	15.795
P值^b			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
t值^c			1.885	1.133	0.537
P值^c			0.065	0.263	0.594
t值^d			12.432	7.257	7.561
P值^d			< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001