《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 939-947.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.08.009

• 康复政策与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

“十四五”期间中国老年人长期照护政策的量化评价:基于PMC指数模型分析

周立芳1a,2,3, 郎紫涵1b,2,3, 吴逸轩1b,2,3, 徐娜1b,2,3, 许凌烽1b,2,3, 陈钟鸣1b,2,3, 尹文强1b,2,3, 于倩倩1b,2,3()   

  1. 1.山东第二医科大学,a. 公共卫生学院;b.管理学院,山东潍坊市 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东潍坊市 261053
    3.国民健康社会风险预警协同创新中心,上海市 200032
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 于倩倩(1979-),女,汉族,山东潍坊市人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究。E-mail: yqq_7921@163.com
  • 作者简介:周立芳(1995-),女,汉族,山东潍坊市人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究、公共卫生危机管理理论与政策研究。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJAZH138);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MG036);国家自然科学基金项目(72274140);山东省省级人才项目(tsqn202312250)

Quantitative evaluation of long-term care policies for older people in the 14th Five-Year Plan in China: based on Policy Modeling Consistency index model

ZHOU Lifang1a,2,3, LANG Zihan1b,2,3, WU Yixuan1b,2,3, XU Na1b,2,3, XU Lingfeng1b,2,3, CHEN Zhongming1b,2,3, YIN Wenqiang1b,2,3, YU Qianqian1b,2,3()   

  1. 1. a. School of Public Health; b. School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
    2. "Health Shandong" Severe Social Risk Prevention and Management Synergy Innovation Center, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
    3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-07-15 Published:2024-08-25 Online:2024-09-11
  • Supported by:
    Ministry of Education of China Humanities and Social Sciences Planning(22YJAZH138);Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023MG036);National Natural Science Foundation of China(72274140);Shandong Provincial Talent Project(tsqn202312250)

摘要:

目的 量化评价我国“十四五”期间出台的老年人长期照护政策,分析政策结构和内容。

方法 基于多源流理论,采用政策建模一致性(PMC)指数模型指标设计方法,构建政策评价一级指标;参照世界卫生组织《老年人长期护理:全民健康覆盖一揽子计划》和《健康老龄化十年:行动计划》中老年人长期照护干预和支持措施架构,构建政策评价二级指标;形成包含9个一级指标和35个二级指标的老年人长期照护评价体系。以2021年11月至2024年1月国家出台的8项老年人长期照护政策为研究对象,采用ROSTCM 6.0进行高频词提取,采用Gephi软件绘制关键词语义网络图,采用老年人长期照护评价体系对政策结构和内容进行量化评价。

结果 老年人长期照护政策的主要内容涉及护理、社区、康复、养老机构等内容。各政策的PMC指数平均6.77。政策内容覆盖完美1项,优秀5项,可接受2项。在政策内容维度,政策功能、政策受体和基础建设3个一级指标在0.85以上;照护者援助、老年人支持和人力资源建设3个一级指标在0.7以下。

结论 我国“十四五”期间出台的老年人长期照护政策,在政策功能、政策受体和基础建设方面覆盖较为全面,在照护者援助、老年人支持和人力资源建设方面仍需提升。在政策制定和实施中,需要强化综合照护支持网、营造老年友好环境和支持非正式照护方面的政策内容与措施。

关键词: 老龄化, 长期照护, 政策评价, 政策建模一致性指数模型

Abstract:

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the structure and content of the long-term care policy for the older people in the 14th Five-Year Plan in China.

Methods The primary indicators were constructed based on multi-source flow model, using Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) model, and the secondary indicators were constructed based on World Health Organization reports Long-term care for older people: Package for universal health coverage and Decade of healthy ageing: Plan of action. An evaluation system was formed, containing nine primary indicators and 35 secondary indicators. A total of eight policies issued by the nation between November, 2021 and January, 2024 were included. High-frequency words were extracted using ROSTCM 6.0, a semantic network map of keywords was created using Gephi, and the policies were analyzed using the evaluation system.

Results The policies mainly focused on nursing, community, rehabilitation and nursing home, etc. The average PMC index was 6.77. For the policy content coverage, one policy was perfect, five were excellent and two were acceptable. In the dimension of policy content, the indexes of three primary indicators of policy function, policy receptors and infrastructure construction were 0.85 or more; while the indexes of three primary indicators of caregiver assistance, support for the elderly and human resources building were 0.7 or less.

Conclusions The content of long-term care policies for the older people issued in the 14th Five-Year Plan in China covers well in policy functions, policy recipients and infrastructure, and needs to be upgraded in the three dimensions of caregiver assistance, support for the elderly and human resource building. It is important to strengthen the policy content and measures in three areas, namely, the comprehensive care support network, the creation of an age-friendly environment and support for informal care.

Key words: aging, long-term care, policy evaluation, Policy Modeling Consistency index model

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