功能性踝关节不稳对平衡能力和下肢爆发力的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.09.015

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1107-1116.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.09.015

• 应用研究 • 上一篇

功能性踝关节不稳对平衡能力和下肢爆发力的影响

庄昌红¹, 汪宇峰²(), 贺斯婕¹, 江涛¹, 叶锦涛¹, 张天峰¹

1.哈尔滨体育学院研究生院，黑龙江哈尔滨市 150008
2.哈尔滨体育学院体育科学研究院，黑龙江哈尔滨市 150008

收稿日期:2024-06-12 修回日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-10-15
通讯作者: 汪宇峰(1979-)，男，汉族，黑龙江齐齐哈尔市人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：运动生理学、冰雪运动。E-mail： yixuan20110331@126.com
作者简介:庄昌红(1992-)，女，汉族，江苏连云港市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：运动损伤预防与康复。
基金资助:
哈尔滨体育学院A类项目(LAB2021-08);哈尔滨体育学院校内博士人才科研启动费项目(RCYJ-2131)

Influence of functional ankle instability on balance and lower limb explosive power

ZHUANG Changhong¹, WANG Yufeng²(), HE Sijie¹, JIANG Tao¹, YE Jintao¹, ZHANG Tianfeng¹

1. Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, China
2. Institute of Sports Science, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, China

Received:2024-06-12 Revised:2024-08-21 Published:2024-09-25 Online:2024-10-15
Contact: WANG Yufeng, E-mail: yixuan20110331@126.com
Supported by:
Harbin Sport University Class A Project(LAB2021-08);Harbin Sport University Internal Research Initiation Fund for Doctor(RCYJ-2131)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察功能性踝关节不稳(FAI)对平衡和下肢爆发力的影响。
方法 2024年5月，在哈尔滨体育学院招募经常进行规律且高强度运动的男性FAI者26例，其中双侧(双侧组)和左侧(单侧组)各13例。同时招募13例未发生损伤的男性高强度运动者作为对照组。采用Gaitview足底压力分析系统测量双足睁、闭眼站立时的左脚、右脚和身体重心移动面积，单足睁、闭眼时的摇摆角度、置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比、摇摆比率和置信椭圆；进行Y平衡测试(YBT)；采用Opto-jump运动素质光学测评仪测量单脚左/右跳、直立跳和反向跳的腾空时间和重心腾空高度。
结果左侧单足闭眼站立时，各组间摇摆角度、置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比、摇摆比率和置信椭圆有显著性差异(F > 3.300, P < 0.05)，对照组最小(P < 0.05)；右侧单足闭眼站立时，各组间摇摆角度、摇摆比率和置信椭圆存在显著性差异(F > 4.404, P < 0.05)，对照组小于双侧组(P < 0.05)，单侧组摇摆比率和置信椭圆小于双侧组(P < 0.05)。各组间YBT结果有显著性差异(F > 3.649, P < 0.05)，双侧组最小(P < 0.05)。各组间反向跳腾空时间和重心腾空高度存在高度显著性差异(F > 7.458, P < 0.01)，双侧组最小(P < 0.05)。
结论 FAI影响单足闭眼静态平衡能力、动态平衡能力和下肢爆发力。

关键词: 功能性踝关节不稳, 平衡, 下肢爆发力

Abstract:

Objective To observe the influence of functional ankle instability (FAI) on balance and lower limb explosive power.
Methods A total of 26 male FAI participants, 13 bilateral (bilateral group) and 13 left (left group), who regularly engaged in high-intensity exercise, were recruited at Harbin Sport University in May, 2024. Meanwhile, 13 uninjured male participants who engaged in high-intensity exercise were recruited as control group. They were measured the moving area of the left foot, right foot and body center of gravity standing on feet with the eyes opened and closed; as well as the sway angle, confidence ellipse diameter (maximum and minimum) to circle area ratio, sway ratio and confidence ellipse standing on single foot, with Gaitview plantar pressure analysis system. They were also tested with Y-balance test (YBT), and were measured flight time and center of gravity height during jumps single leg left/right drift, stiffness and counter movement jump using Opto-jump Optical Measurement of Motor Quality.
Results There were significant differences among the groups in swing angle, confidence ellipse diameter (maximum and minimum) to circle area ratio, swing ratio and confidence ellipse as left-leg stance with eyes closed (F > 3.300, P < 0.05), which was the least in the control group (P < 0.05). Swing angle, swing ratio and confidence ellipse were also different among the groups as right-leg stance with eyes closed (F > 4.404, P < 0.05), and they were less in the control group than in the bilateral group (P < 0.05), and less in the left group than in the bilateral group (P < 0.05), except swing angle. There was a significant difference in YBT results (F > 3.649, P < 0.05), which was the least in the bilateral group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the flight time and center of gravity height during counter movement jump (F > 7.458, P < 0.01), which was the least in the bilateral group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion FAI may impair the static balance as single-leg stance with eyes closed, dynamic balance and lower limb explosive power.

Key words: functional ankle instability, balance, lower limb explosive power

中图分类号:

R684.7

庄昌红, 汪宇峰, 贺斯婕, 江涛, 叶锦涛, 张天峰. 功能性踝关节不稳对平衡能力和下肢爆发力的影响[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2024, 30(9): 1107-1116.

ZHUANG Changhong, WANG Yufeng, HE Sijie, JIANG Tao, YE Jintao, ZHANG Tianfeng. Influence of functional ankle instability on balance and lower limb explosive power[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(9): 1107-1116.

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组别	n	年龄/岁	身高/m	体质量/kg	体质量指数/(kg·m^-2)
对照组	13	19.46±0.78	1.80±0.03	77.23±8.34	23.62±2.06
双侧组	13	19.38±0.87	1.84±0.08	79.31±12.26	23.21±2.21
单侧组	13	19.20±1.23	1.86±0.09	81.30±14.16	23.24±2.35
F值		0.028	1.706	0.635	0.247
P值		0.973	0.196	0.536	0.783

测试	指标	组别	均值	标准差
双足睁眼	左脚重心移动面积	对照组	0.16	0.22
		双侧组	0.16	0.17
		单侧组	0.06	0.47
	右脚重心移动面积	对照组	0.08	0.32
		双侧组	0.24	0.33
		单侧组	0.23	0.45
	身体重心移动面积	对照组	0.33	0.35
		双侧组	0.57	0.59
		单侧组	0.49	0.56
双足闭眼	左脚重心移动面积	对照组	0.10	0.11
		双侧组	0.21	0.36
		单侧组	0.36	1.06
	右脚重心移动面积	对照组	0.26	0.64
		双侧组	0.27	0.60
		单侧组	0.51	1.46
	身体重心移动面积	对照组	0.43	0.53
		双侧组	0.93	1.95
		单侧组	0.58	1.37

测试	指标	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
双足睁眼	左脚重心移动面积	0.076	2	0.038	1.441	0.250
	右脚重心移动面积	0.188	2	0.094	0.904	0.414
	身体重心移动面积	0.375	2	0.187	0.724	0.492
双足闭眼	左脚重心移动面积	0.453	2	0.226	0.538	0.589
	右脚重心移动面积	0.501	2	0.250	0.259	0.773
	身体重心移动面积	1.717	2	0.859	0.432	0.652

测试	指标	组别	均值	标准差
左侧单足睁眼	摇摆角度/°	对照组	63.47	8.52
		双侧组	69.51	9.94
		单侧组	69.86	24.94
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	96.94	50.38
		双侧组	127.36	63.38
		单侧组	101.04	85.45
	摇摆比率/%	对照组	360.55	59.62
		双侧组	444.30	133.99
		单侧组	382.46	14.24
	置信椭圆/mm²	对照组	128.23	21.69
		双侧组	146.42	25.28
		单侧组	140.71	54.39
右侧单足睁眼	摇摆角度/°	对照组	78.88	41.89
		双侧组	98.26	69.88
		单侧组	82.33	38.87
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	96.22	87.31
		双侧组	135.65	138.22
		单侧组	109.85	80.77
	摇摆比率/%	对照组	303.57	82.21
		双侧组	393.82	252.17
		单侧组	378.22	155.99
	置信椭圆/mm²	对照组	126.50	42.46
		双侧组	160.58	77.95
		单侧组	146.05	59.76
左侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度/°	对照组	172.98	76.54
		双侧组	397.66	71.25
		单侧组	338.56	94.84
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	205.10	63.04
		双侧组	546.08	90.10
		单侧组	476.60	67.71
	摇摆比率/%	对照组	496.53	86.22
		双侧组	826.46	267.98
		单侧组	897.66	679.81
	置信椭圆/mm²	对照组	211.22	69.70
		双侧组	326.54	127.29
		单侧组	286.63	101.42
右侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度/°	对照组	216.24	96.73
		双侧组	480.15	324.54
		单侧组	306.02	211.55
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	321.12	142.53
		双侧组	602.86	653.48
		单侧组	448.88	335.86
	摇摆比率/%	对照组	533.61	64.97
		双侧组	1006.72	534.73
		单侧组	661.58	148.15
	置信椭圆/mm²	对照组	277.83	53.57
		双侧组	409.62	197.95
		单侧组	271.24	94.67

测试	指标	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
左侧单足睁眼	摇摆角度	352701.138	2	167.775	0.634	0.536
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	844144.075	2	3543.339	0.767	0.472
	摇摆比率	1190928.468	2	24524.470	1.787	0.182
	置信椭圆	89177.904	2	1125.148	0.830	0.444
右侧单足睁眼	摇摆角度	468124.327	2	1389.877	0.512	0.604
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	1906922.303	2	5215.253	0.471	0.628
	摇摆比率	1557071.660	2	37828.711	1.183	0.318
	置信椭圆	234338.204	2	3801.269	0.996	0.379
左侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度	352701.138	2	176350.569	26.542	< 0.001
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	844144.075	2	422072.037	75.933	< 0.001
	摇摆比率	1190928.468	2	595464.234	3.300	0.048
	置信椭圆	89177.904	2	44588.952	4.267	0.022
右侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度	468124.327	2	234062.163	4.404	0.019
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	1906922.303	2	953461.152	2.765	0.076
	摇摆比率	1557071.660	2	778535.830	7.483	0.002
	置信椭圆	234338.204	2	117169.102	6.887	0.003

功能性踝关节不稳对平衡能力和下肢爆发力的影响

Influence of functional ankle instability on balance and lower limb explosive power

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侧别	组别	均值	标准差
左侧	对照组	1.11	0.08
	双侧组	1.02	0.08
	单侧组	1.08	0.08
右侧	对照组	1.09	0.07
	双侧组	1.02	0.08
	单侧组	1.09	0.09

侧别	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	95%CI
侧别	组别	组别	平均值差	P值	上限	下限
左侧	对照组	双侧组	0.938	0.006	0.028	0.159
	对照组	单侧组	0.254	0.438	-0.040	0.091
	双侧组	单侧组	-0.068	0.041	-0.134	-0.002
右侧	对照组	双侧组	0.075	0.026	0.009	0.140
	对照组	单侧组	-0.001	0.981	-0.066	0.064
	双侧组	单侧组	-0.074	0.024	-0.140	-0.003

测试	指标	组别	均值	标准差
反向跳	腾空时间/s	对照组	0.67	0.03
		双侧组	0.56	0.06
		单侧组	0.63	0.05
	重心腾空高度/cm	对照组	49.83	3.72
		双侧组	44.51	5.01
		单侧组	50.04	3.60
左脚跳	腾空时间/s	对照组	0.28	0.06
		双侧组	0.24	0.06
		单侧组	0.25	0.06
	重心腾空高度/cm	对照组	7.78	1.92
		双侧组	7.29	3.12
		单侧组	7.05	3.72
右脚跳	腾空时间/s	对照组	0.28	0.03
		双侧组	0.24	0.06
		单侧组	0.24	0.06
	重心腾空高度/cm	对照组	7.74	2.74
		双侧组	7.60	3.46
		单侧组	7.47	3.96
直立跳	腾空时间/s	对照组	0.47	0.07
		双侧组	0.47	0.07
		单侧组	0.44	0.10
	重心腾空高度/cm	对照组	29.47	4.92
		双侧组	27.70	7.24
		单侧组	30.47	8.93

测试	指标	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
反向跳	腾空时间	0.079	2	0.040	16.150	< 0.001
	重心腾空高度	257.265	2	128.633	7.458	0.002
左脚跳	腾空时间	0.011	2	0.006	1.438	0.251
	重心腾空高度	3.562	2	1.781	0.195	0.823
右脚跳	腾空时间	0.013	2	0.007	2.189	0.127
	重心腾空高度	0.475	2	0.237	0.020	0.980
直立跳	腾空时间	0.016	2	0.008	1.169	0.322
	重心腾空高度	39.466	2	19.722	0.379	0.687

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测试	指标	组别	组别	平均值差	P 值	95%CI
测试	指标	组别	组别	平均值差	P 值	上限	下限
左侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度	对照组	双侧组	-224.683	< 0.001	-289.524	-159.841
		对照组	单侧组	-165.582	< 0.001	-230.423	-100.740
		双侧组	单侧组	59.101	0.073	-5.740	123.942
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	双侧组	-340.975	< 0.001	-400.283	-281.668
		对照组	单侧组	-271.499	< 0.001	-330.806	-212.191
		双侧组	单侧组	69.477	0.053	10.169	128.784
	摇摆比率	对照组	双侧组	-329.931	0.041	-667.860	7.999
		对照组	单侧组	-401.131	0.021	-739.060	-63.202
		双侧组	单侧组	-71.200	0.672	-409.129	266.729
	置信椭圆	对照组	双侧组	-115.323	0.007	-196.637	-34.010
		对照组	单侧组	-75.415	0.038	-156.729	5.899
		双侧组	单侧组	39.908	0.326	-41.406	121.222
右侧单足闭眼	摇摆角度	对照组	双侧组	-263.908	0.006	-447.295	-80.520
		对照组	单侧组	-89.777	0.327	-273.164	-93.610
		双侧组	单侧组	174.131	0.062	-9.257	357.518
	置信椭圆直径最大/最小圆面积比	对照组	双侧组	-66.762	0.774	-533.987	400.374
		对照组	单侧组	-498.877	0.057	-966.013	-31.741
		双侧组	单侧组	167.115	0.069	-34.020	339.020
	摇摆比率	对照组	双侧组	-473.108	< 0.001	-729.686	-216.530
		对照组	单侧组	-127.977	0.318	-384.554	128.601
		双侧组	单侧组	345.131	0.010	88.553	601.708
	置信椭圆	对照组	双侧组	-181.785	0.001	-285.539	-78.030
		对照组	单侧组	-43.408	0.402	-147.162	60.347
		双侧组	单侧组	138.377	0.010	34.622	242.132