《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 110-116.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.01.012

• 康复教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于世界卫生组织康复胜任力架构的中国运动康复专业人才培养现状分析

陈健, 李哲恒, 王定宣()   

  1. 西南医科大学体育学院，四川泸州市 646000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 王定宣(1975-)，男，汉族，四川泸州市人，硕士，教授，硕士研究生导师，主要研究方向：运动与健康促进。E-mail： wangdx@swmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈健(2000-)，男，汉族，河南驻马店市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：运动与健康促进。
  • 基金资助:
    1. 西南医科大学科研项目(2020TYZD002);2. 西南医科大学高等教育教学研究与改革项目(JG2022010);3. 高等教育科学研究规划课题(24TY0104)

Current status of talent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China: based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework

CHEN Jian, LI Zheheng, WANG Dingxuan()   

  1. School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
  • Received:2025-08-06 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-28
  • Contact: WANG Dingxuan, E-mail： wangdx@swmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Southwest Medical University Research Project(2020TYZD002);Southwest Medical University's Higher Education Teaching Research and Reform Project(JG2022010);Higher Education Scientific Research Planning Project(24TY0104)

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摘要：

目的 基于世界卫生组织康复胜任力架构(RCF)，分析我国运动康复专业人才培养的现状。

方法 收集全国104所开设运动康复专业高校的招生规模、区域分布、学位授予和培养方案等数据，采用描述性统计和内容分析法，从院校布局、能力培养和资源配置3个维度梳理现状和特征。分析院校布局特征、招生规模时序变化和培养方案，重点分析院校类型构成、区域分布密度、课程设置差异、能力培养导向和资源分配状况等关键指标。

结果 我国运动康复专业人才培养面临能力、资源和认知三维困境。能力结构上，医学基础与运动实践脱节，体育类院校医学课程薄弱，医学类院校则运动技术空心化。资源配置上，区域不均衡显著，院校高度集中于西南(24.0%)、华东(19.2%)和华北(15.4%)，西北地区仅占3.8%，形成东西部断层。认知层面上，公众多认为运动康复是运动员专属服务，学科内部亦存在医学派、体育派和融合派的定位分歧。这些困境共同制约了人才供给质量和区域均衡。

结论 我国运动康复专业人才培养正处于从规模扩张向质量提升转型的关键期。应以RCF为理论指导，通过对标RCF5大胜任力领域的要求，重塑人才知识和能力结构。

关键词: 运动康复, 康复胜任力架构, 人才培养

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current status and existing challenges in talent cultivation for sports rehabilitation in China based on World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF).

Methods Data were collected from 104 higher education institutions nationwide that offer undergraduate programs in sports rehabilitation, including enrollment scale, regional distribution, degree conferral and training curriculum. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to examine the status and characteristics from three dimensions: institutional distribution, competency development and resource allocation， in terms of institutional type, regional distribution density, curriculum structure differences, competency-oriented training approaches and resource allocation patterns.

Results Talent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China currently faced a three-dimensional dilemma involving competency, resources, and public cognition. In terms of competency structure, a disconnect existed between medical fundamentals and exercise practice: physical education institutions provided insufficient medical training, whereas medical institutions lacked systematic instruction in exercise techniques. Regarding resource allocation, significant regional disparities were observed, with institutions heavily concentrated in Southwest (24.0%), East China (19.2%), and North China (15.4%), while Northwest China accounted for only 3.8%, forming a pronounced east-west gap. At the cognitive level, the public generally perceived sports rehabilitation as a service exclusive to athletes, and within the discipline, divergences persisted among the medical-oriented, sports-oriented, and integrated schools of thought. These challenges collectively hindered the quality of talent supply and regional balance.

Conclusion Talent cultivation in sports rehabilitation in China is at a pivotal stage of transition from rapid expansion to quality enhancement. It is necessary to realign the knowledge structure and competency system of training programs with the five core competency domains of RCF.

Key words: sports rehabilitation, rehabilitation competency framework, talent cultivation

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