成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤后难以恢复，主要是由于中枢微环境中髓磷脂相关抑制因子介导的神经生长抑制作用引起的。配对免疫球蛋白样受体B (PirB)作为其主要受体之一，在CNS损伤后高表达，参与神经生长抑制信号的传递。敲除或阻断PirB，能促进脊髓损伤动物神经再生，缓解β-淀粉样蛋白对阿尔茨海默病的病理影响，显著诱导缺氧缺血损伤后皮层神经元轴突再生，恢复中枢炎性神经病模型动物的神经功能，视神经损伤后的视觉重塑功能加强。

It is difficult for regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) in adult mammals, and myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) are believed to be major contributors. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), as a co-receptor of MAIs, and expresses highly in CNS after injury, plays a vital role in the signal transduction of inhibition in the injured CNS. Knockout or block of PirB in vitro and in vivo may promote the neuro-regeneration after spinal cord injury or hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, release the damage induced by β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, recover the neural function in brain inflammation models, improve the reconstruction of vision after optic nerve injury, and so on. PirB may be a potential therapeutic target for neuro-regeneration and synaptic plasticity.