目的观察力竭运动对大鼠肾脏的影响及其机制。方法雄性Sprague-Dawley 大鼠14 只分为对照组(C 组, n=7)和力竭运动组(E组, n=7)。测量定运动后大鼠尿蛋白、尿酸、葡萄糖，血尿素氮；荧光探针法检测肾脏活性氧物质(ROS)，Western blotting检测肾脏诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)和nephrin 蛋白含量；Harris 染色观察肾组织形态变化。结果E组大鼠尿蛋白、尿酸、葡萄糖，血尿素氮，及肾ROS、iNOS、3-NT和nephrin 蛋白含量均与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)，肾小球形态改变，毛细血管基底膜增厚变形。结论力竭运动可通过氧化应激机制，导致肾组织结构损伤。

Objective To observe the effect of exhaustive exercise on the function of the kidney in rats and explore the mechanism. Methods Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sedentary control group (group C) and exhaustive exercise group (group E). They were measured the urine protein, uric acid, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen after exercise. The reactive oxygen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitro tyrosine in kidney, and nephrin protein in the kidney were detected with fluorescent probe and Western blotting, respectively, and observed under Harris staining. Results There were significant differences between groups C and E in urine protein, uric acid, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, reactive oxygen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine and nephrin protein (P<0.05). The glomerular morphology and the deformation of capillary basement membrane were found under the fluorescence microscope in group E. Conclusion Exhaustive exercise may damage the structure of kidney in rats, which may associate with oxidative stress.