目的探讨重庆市城乡老年人轻度认知障碍(MCI)的流行率及其影响因素。方法2015年10月至11月,整群抽样1850名60岁及以上老年人,应用自制老年人一般情况调查表、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、工具性日常生活活动能力量表(IADL)和老年人抑郁量表(GDS)进行面对面问卷调查。行单因素χ2检验、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果重庆市城乡老年人MCI流行率为11.73%。不同居住地、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、职业,是否吸烟、饮酒,是否食用河鲜、禽蛋,是否锻炼、从事大强度劳动、小强度劳动、家务劳动、参加户外活动、常打麻将/棋/牌、常看电视或听广播或读报纸、常参加社会活动、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、高血糖、脑供血不足及抑郁,MCI流行率有显著性差异(χ2>4.092, P<0.05)。回归分析显示,居住在农村、增龄、独身、肥胖、高血压及抑郁是发生MCI的独立危险因素(OR>1.657, P<0.05);受教育程度初中及以上,脑力劳动者,戒烟,常吃河鲜、禽蛋,锻炼,每天从事大强度劳动,每天从事小强度劳动,每天及有时从事家务劳动,每天及每周至少参加一次户外活动,每天打麻将/棋/牌,每天看电视或听广播或读报纸是MCI的保护因素(OR<0.606, P<0.05)。结论重庆市城乡老年人MCI的流行率较高,应尽早针对MCI的影响因素采取有效措施,延缓或阻止MCI向痴呆发展。
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the old people in Chongqing, China. MethodsFrom October to November, 2015, 1850 persons more than 60-year-old in Chongqing were cluster sampled. They were investigated with self-made general situation questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) through face-to-face interview. Enumeration data were tested with χ2 test and multiple Logistic regression. ResultsMCI prevalence was 11.73% in the old people in Chongqing, and various with the residential regions, ages, marital status, literacy, career, smoking, drinking, seafood-eating, egg-eating, exercising, intensive labor, low intensity of labor, housework, outdoor activities, Mahjong/chess/cards playing, TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading, social activities, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, hyperglycemia, cerebrovascular insufficiency and depression (χ2>4.092, P<0.05). According to multiple Logistic regression, living in rural areas, aging, celibacy, obesity, hypertension and depression were the risk factors of MCI; while middle school and above years of schooling, mental workers, smoking cessation, frequent seafood-eating and egg-eating, exercising, daily intensive labor and low intensity of labor, daily and sometimes housework, daily and weekly outdoor activities at least once, daily Mahjong/chess/cards playing and daily TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading were the preventing factors. ConclusionThe morbidity of MCI is high in the old people in Chongqing. It is necessary to take effective intervention in view of the related factors of MCI as early as possible, to delay or prevent the development of MCI to dementia.
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