目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的理论与方法,分析青少年久坐行为相关环境影响因素的内容与结构,并对相关文献中涉及的问题进行Scoping综述。方法 采用Scoping综述方法,以中国知网、万方数据库、Web of Science核心合集为检索库,英文检索时间为建库至2020年1月31日,中文检索截止时间为建库至2020年4月20日,采用主题检索方式检索与青少年久坐相关的文献。提取文献内容,包括作者、国家、发表时间、发表期刊、研究目的、研究对象和年龄、数据收集工具以及主要研究结果和结论。结果 共检索文献3217篇,最终纳入21篇,主要来自8个国家,多数文献源于公共健康、公共卫生相关主题期刊,研究主要集中在2015年至2019年,研究方法多为调查法,对久坐行为的测量包括问卷和客观测量。根据ICF-CY环境因素架构,共得到17个影响因素,具有促进或障碍作用的因素共14个,其中用品和技术9项(e150、e160、e110、e115、e120、e125、e140、e165、e130),包括社区居所/锻炼场所设计、街道/土地利用,学校灵活学习空间、可调节高度课桌,家庭娱乐/运动设备;自然环境和对环境的人为改变2项(e225、e245),包括温度、湿度、季节、降雨量、日照时长;支持和相互联系3项(e310、e320、e325),包括家人、朋友、同伴活动参与/支持程度。态度,服务、体制和政策两个类目的研究较少。土地混合利用率、步行设施完善程度、感知邻里美学程度、行人/汽车交通安全程度、可调节桌椅设施与灵活教学空间的使用程度等指标越好,青少年久坐时间越短;家庭娱乐设备越多、街道连通性越高、日照时长较短、气候条件越差,青少年久坐时间越长。家人、朋友及同伴活动支持程度,空气质量,客观测量的社区居所/邻里等指标对青少年久坐行为的影响还有待进一步检验。结论 基于ICF-CY环境类目架构,影响青少年久坐行为的环境因素包括用品和技术、自然环境和对环境的人为改变以及支持和相互联系三大类。为使青少年养成健康生活方式,减少久坐时间,应从上述三类因素入手,消除消极环境因素的影响。

Objective To analyze the content and structure of environmental factors related to sedentary behavior of adolescents based on theoretical framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY), and review the issues involved in related literature.Methods The literatures related with adolescents' sedentary behavior were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang and the core collection of Web of Science. The English literatures were searched from establishment to January 31st, 2020, and the Chinese literatures were searched from establishment to April 20th, 2020. The authors, countries, published time, published journals, research objectives, object of the study and their ages, data collection tool, and the key findings were extracted.Results A total of 3217 literatures were searched, and 21 of them were enrolled finally, which were published from eight countries, and most were from journals on topics related to public health. They were published from 2015 to 2019, and mainly used survey, including questionnaire and objective measurement. Using ICF-CY environmental factors to code the contents, there were 17 environmental factors, and 14 showed positive or negative influence, including nine categories of Products and Technology (e150, e160, e110, e115, e120, e125, e140, e165, e130), namely community, residence/exercise place design, street/land use, school flexible learning space, adjustable height desk and home entertainment/sports equipment; two categories of Natural Environment and Human-made Changes to Environment (e225, e245), temperature, humidity, season, rainfall, sunlight hours; and three categories for Support and Relationships (e310, e320, e325), family, friends, peer activities participation/support level. There was shortage of researches in fields of attitude and services, system and policies. The indicators of environments, such as land utilization rate, walking facilities, perceived neighborhood aesthetics, pedestrian/vehicle traffic safety, adjustable desks, and flexible learning spaces reduced the sedentary time for adolescents. Low quality of home entertainment equipment and connection conveniences, shorter sunlight and poorer climatic conditions increased adolescents' sedentary time. It proposed to further test the effects of some factors, including family, friend and peer activity participation/support level, air quality, and the objective measurements indicators of community residence/ neighborhood, on adolescent sedentary behavior.Conclusion Based on ICF-CY, there are three influential environmental factors on adolescents' sedentary behavior in the fields of Products and Technology, Natural Environment and Human-made Changes to Environment, and Support and Relationships. It proposed to develop a healthy lifestyle and reduce sedentary behavior by eliminating negative impact of environmental factors.