目的 研究以急性多发性脑梗死(AMCI)为首发表现的Trousseau综合征的临床特征。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年1月本院神经内科收治的19例以AMCI为首发表现的Trousseau综合征患者,对其临床表现、影像学特征、实验室检查、治疗方法及预后进行分析。结果 19例患者平均年龄(71.05±10.59)岁,其中男性10例,女性9例。梗死影像表现为多发点状或片状病灶,15例(78.95%)显示双侧梗死,11例(57.89%)为多血管流域多发小病灶(< 20 mm),9例(52.94%)并发脑动脉狭窄,其中7例(77.78%)梗死病灶分布与狭窄血管供血区不一致。所有患者D-二聚体升高,中位数3.08 mg/L (0.79~7.00 mg/L),8例心肌肌钙蛋白I (cTnI)升高,17例糖类抗原125 (CA125)升高。15例(78.94%)接受抗血小板治疗的患者中,5例(33.3%)联合抗凝治疗。9例(47.37%)住院期间出现早期神经功能恶化(7例)或脑梗死复发(2例)。随访30 d内死亡5例,90 d累计发生复发血栓栓塞事件6次,脑梗死和下肢静脉血栓各3次,90 d内死亡13例(68.42%)。结论 AMCI可作为Trousseau综合征的首发表现,对于双侧梗死小病灶或与脑血管狭窄供血区分布不一致的多发病灶,结合升高的D-二聚体、cTnI和CA125,应考虑到恶性肿瘤引起高凝状态导致Trousseau综合征的可能,筛查隐匿性肿瘤,积极治疗肿瘤改善预后。

Objective To investigate the clinical features of Trousseau's syndrome with acute multiple cerebral infarction (AMCI) as the first manifestation.Methods From January, 2012 to January, 2019, a retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients with AMCI diagnosed as the first manifestation of Trousseau's syndrome. The clinical data, imaging features, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis data were collected and analyzed.Results They were (71.05±10.59) years old, with ten males and nine females. MRI-diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) showed numerous small lesions with or without large area cerebral infarction in multiple vascular territories. Fifteen cases (78.95%) showed bilateral infarction, eleven cases (57.89%) showed multiple small lesions (< 20 mm) in multiple vascular territories, nine cases showed cerebral artery stenosis, in which seven cases (77.78%) of cerebral infarction lesions were not consistent with stenotic vessels. All patients had elevated levels of D-dimer with a median of 3.08 mg/L (0.79~7.00 mg/L). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) increased in eight cases. CA125 increased in 17 cases. Among the 15 cases treated with antiplatelet therapy, five cases (33.3%) were combined with anticoagulation therapy. Nine cases (47.37%) developed early neurological function deterioration or recurrent cerebral infarction during hospitalization. After the follow-up, five cases died within 30 days, and six recurrent thrombotic events occurred within 90 days, including three events for cerebral infarction and three events for lower limb venous thrombosis, and finally 13 cases (68.42%) died within 90 days.Conclusion AMCI can be the first manifestation of Trousseau's syndrome. The image features including bilateral small infarction or multiple lesions being not consistent with the stenotic vessels, combined with the elevated levels of D-dimer, cTnI and CA125, can be the clues to Trousseau's syndrome caused by hypercoagulability due to cancer. Timely screening for occult cancer and active anticancer therapy may be helpful to improve their outcome.