《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2019, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 15-21.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2019.01.004

• 专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

智力残疾人的健康状况与健康服务研究

王苗苗1,2, 卢国华1,3, 李安巧1,4,5, 邱卓英1,4,5,6,7   

  1. 1. 中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261053;
    2. 潍坊医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东潍坊市 261053;
    3. 潍坊医学院心理学系,山东潍坊市 261053;
    4. 世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068;
    5. 中国智力和发展性残疾分级、评估与康复(运动)重点实验室,郑州大学,河南郑州市 450001;
    6.中国康复研究中心康复信息研究所,北京市100068;
    7.中国康复科学所,北京市 100068
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-06 出版日期:2019-01-25 发布日期:2019-02-18
  • 通讯作者: 卢国华。E-mail: ghluu@126.com
  • 作者简介:王苗苗(1990-),女,汉族,山东临沂市人,博士研究生,主要研究方向：心理危机干预、康复心理。
  • 基金资助:
    1.山东省自然科学基金项目(No. ZR2016GM05); 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心项目(No. XT1407002); 3. 2018年度山东省社会科学规划项目(No. 18CJYJ11); 4.中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(重大科学研究引导基金项目)(No. 2017CZ-7; No. 2018CZ-4)

Health Conditions and Health Service for People with Intellectual Disability

WANG Miao-miao1,2, LU Guo-hua1,3, LI An-qiao1,4,5, QIU Zhuo-ying1,4,5,6,7   

  1. 1. China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shangdong 261053, China;
    2. School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shangdong 261053, China;
    3. Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shangdong 261053, China;
    4. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China;
    5. China Key Laboratory of Classification, Evaluation and Rehabilitation Sport of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China;
    6. Research Institute of Rehabilitation Information, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China;
    7. China Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Beijing 100068, China
  • Received:2019-01-06 Published:2019-01-25 Online:2019-02-18
  • Contact: LU Guo-hua. E-mail: ghluu@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2016GM05), "Healthy Shandong" Major Social Risk Prediction and Governance Collaborative Innovation Center Project (No. XT1407002), Shandong Social Science Planning in 2018 (No. 18CJYJ11) and National Special Fund Projects of Based Research of Public Benefits for Institutes at Central Governmental Level (Leading Project of Major Scientific Research) (No. 2017CZ-7; No. 2018CZ-4)

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摘要： 目的 探讨智力残疾人的健康状况、影响因素与健康服务发展状况,为发展智力残疾人的健康服务提供循证支持。
方法 基于ICF功能和残疾的理论与方法分析智力残疾人主要功能障碍,运用流行病学方法分析智力残疾人的主要疾病、功能障碍表现、致病和致残因素。
结果 美国智力残疾现患率约为1.1%,中国为0.75%。智力残疾人主要健康问题为超重、肥胖、营养不良、口腔问题、消化系统疾病等;主要功能障碍有认知障碍、孤独症谱系障碍、视觉或听觉障碍、学习障碍、运动障碍、广泛性发育障碍等;因智力残疾导致的继发性障碍会加重在概念技能、社会技能和实用技能等方面的障碍程度。生物学和环境两方面的因素是智力残疾人致病和致残的主要健康风险因素。
结论 现代健康服务要关注智力残疾人的健康状况与健康行为的特殊性,提升智力残疾人的健康服务能力,提高智力残疾人健康水平。

关键词: 智力残疾, 健康需求, 健康服务

Abstract: Objective To analyze the health conditions, related factors and development of health services for people with intellectual disability, to provide evidence-based support for the development of health services.
Methods The functioning of people with intellectual disability had been analyzed using ICF. Health conditions and related factors for people with intellectual disability had been analyzed using epidemiologic approach.
Results The prevalence of intellectual disability is about 1.1% reported by US and 0.75% by China. The main health conditions for people with intellectual disability were overweight, obesity, malnutrition, oral problems and digestive diseases. The main functioning included cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder, visual or auditory impairment, learning disability, movement limitation, generalized developmental disorder, etc. Secondary disorders caused by intellectual disability worsened the functioning of conceptual skills, social skills and practical skills. People with intellectual disability faced health risks from biological and environmental domains.
Conclusion It is important to tailor to the unmet needs and health behaviors of people with intellectual disability. It is proposed to conduct capacity building for health professionals and institutions and improve the health of people with intellectual disability.

Key words: intellectual disability, health needs, health service

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