步态测量评价研究进展:步态指数的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由三维步态分析设备测试得出的客观数据在实际评价时复杂且难以解释,为解决这一问题,步态指数随之提出。本文对目前临床最常见应用的步态评价指数进行分析,讨论其计算方法、优点和局限性。步态偏差指数(GDI)和步态外形分数(GPS)是应用最多的两个指数,但GDI运算复杂。吉莱特步态指数(GGI)参数选取的客观性差,应用范围单一。肌电数据在步态模式的完整评估中至关重要,但目前与步态指数的结合并不紧密。除GGI外,其他指数的研究都未讨论步速对步态指数的影响。

关键词: 步态, 测量, 评价, 吉莱特步态指数, 步态偏差指数, 步态外形分数, 综述

Abstract:

The objective data from the three-dimensional gait analysis equipment test is complex and difficult to explain in the actual evaluation. In order to solve it, the gait index is proposed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the most commonly used gait evaluation index in clinical practice and discuss its calculation methods, advantages and limitations. The results showed that Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Gait Profile Score (GPS) were the two most widely used indexes, but the operation of GDI was complex; the selection of parameters of Gillette Gait Index (GGI) was poor in objectivity, and the application was limited; the electromyography data is very important in the complete evaluation of gait mode, but the combination with gait indices was not close at present. The influence of gait speed has not been discussed in researches about indices except GGI.

Key words: gait, measurement, evaluation, Gillette Gait Index, Gait Deviation Index, Gait Profile Score, review

中图分类号:

R493

张子华,庞博,赵盼超,纪仲秋. 步态测量评价研究进展:步态指数的应用[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2020, 26(2): 210-214.

ZHANG Zi-hua,PANG Bo,ZHAO Pan-chao,JI Zhong-qiu. Progress in Gait Measurement and Evaluation: Application of Gait Index (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(2): 210-214.

图/表 1

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第一作者及年份	指数	参数选取
Schutte^[13] (2000)	GGI(NI)	16个参数包括两个种类:3种时空参数(站立阶段时间百分比、归一化速度和节律)和13类运动学参数(骨盆倾斜度均值、PTR、骨盆旋转均值、屈髋最小角度、屈髋范围、摆动期髋外展峰值、髋关节旋转均值、脚触地瞬时屈膝角度、屈膝峰值时刻、屈膝角度范围、支撑期踝关节跖屈背屈峰值角度、摆动期踝关节跖屈背屈峰值角度和步向角)
Novacheck^[15] (2002)	HFI	3个运动学参数和1个动力学参数:MPT、TR、HEST、H3(该曲线是由屈到伸后期髋关节屈肌力的峰值)
Schwartz^[16] (2008)	GDI	9个参数:骨盆冠状面、矢状面和水平面数据,髋关节冠状面、矢状面和水平面数据,膝关节屈伸数据,踝关节跖背屈数据和步向角
Baker^[18] (2009)	GPS	9个运动参数(骨盆和髋关节在三个平面上的角度,膝关节和踝关节在矢状面上角度和步向角)提供GVSs,GPS通常在柱状图中显示9个GVSs,从而生成MAP,GPS以单一数值呈现,GVSs是对GPS的辅助解释
Rozumalski^[19] (2011)	GDI-Kinetic	9个步态特征动力学参数:髋关节矢状面和额状面力矩,膝踝矢状面和冠状面力矩,踝关节矢状面和额状面力矩以及髋膝踝关节功率