太极拳运动对中老年人脑功能和有氧运动能力的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的评价太极拳运动对中老年人有氧运动能力和脑认知功能的影响。方法 2018年6月至2019年7月,将60例中老年人分为太极拳组(n = 13)、冥想组(n = 14)、有氧运动组(n = 17)和久坐组(n = 16),观察干预24周前后,各组体质量指数(BMI) 、有氧运动能力以及在执行认知任务过程中诱发的P300波形中P3b的振幅、潜伏期和P300反应时。结果干预后,各组BMI有非常高度显著性差异(F = 7.568, P < 0.001);有氧运动组最大摄氧量(VO ₂max)明显优于太极拳组和久坐组(t > 3.039, P < 0.01),太极拳组和冥想组VO ₂max优于久坐组(t > 2.152, P < 0.05);太极拳组、冥想组和有氧运动组P3b振幅均明显高于久坐组( t > 2.667, P < 0.01);久坐组P3b潜伏期略长于其他三组,但各组间无显著性差异( F = 0.419, P = 0.740);太极拳组反应时短于其他三组,各组间无显著性差异(F = 1.804, P > 0.05)。结论太极拳运动可提高中老年人有氧运动能力,有利于改善认知功能。

关键词: 太极拳, 有氧运动能力, 认知, 冥想

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effects of Tai Ji Quan exercise on aerobic capacities and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods From June, 2018 to July, 2019, 60 middle-aged and elderly subjects were divided into Tai Ji Quan group (n = 13), meditation group (n = 14), aerobics group (n = 17) and sedentary group (n = 16). Before and 24 weeks after exercise, the body mass index (BMI), the VO₂max, and the amplitude and latency of P3b and reaction time of P300 wave were observed.Results After exercise, there was significant difference in BMI among groups (F = 7.568, P < 0.001); the VO ₂max was higher in aerobics group than in Tai Ji Quan group and the sedentary group (t > 3.039, P < 0.01), as well as in Tai Ji Quan group and the meditation group than in the sedentary group ( t > 2.152, P < 0.05); the amplitude of P3b was lower in the sedentary group than in other groups ( t > 2.667, P < 0.01); the P3b latency tended to be longer in the sedentary group than in other groups, but no significant difference was observed among groups ( F = 0.419, P = 0.740); the reaction time tended to be shorter in Tai Ji Quan group than in other groups, but no significant difference was observed among groups (F = 1.804, P > 0.05). Conclusion Tai Ji Quan exercise may improve aerobic capacities, and benefit the cognitive function.

Key words: Tai Ji Quan, aerobic capacities, cognition, meditation

中图分类号:

R247

姬瑞敏. 太极拳运动对中老年人脑功能和有氧运动能力的影响[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2020, 26(6): 637-642.

JI Rui-min. Effects of Tai Ji Quan on Brain Function and Aerobic Capacities for Middle-aged and Elderly People[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(6): 637-642.

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组别	n	性别(n)		年龄(岁)	身高(cm)	体质量(kg)
组别	n	男	女	年龄(岁)	身高(cm)	体质量(kg)
太极拳练习组	13	8	5	52.38±10.96	171.34±6.37	67.35±8.31
冥想组	14	6	8	43.14±10.15	169.47±6.45	63.45±5.98
有氧运动组	17	9	8	46.35±11.43	170.37±8.50	64.58±7.92
久坐组	16	7	9	47.37±9.92	169.37±8.63	68.34±9.43
χ²/F值		0.497		1.742	0.200	1.214
P值		0.480		0.169	0.869	0.313

组别	n	干预前	干预后	t值	P值
太极拳组	13	26.73±4.33	25.23±3.16	-1.009	0.323
冥想组	14	24.01±3.08	23.21±3.73	-0.619	0.541
有氧运动组	17	24.76±4.83	21.53±2.83	-2.739	0.023
久坐组	16	26.34±4.88	27.74±5.34^a,b	-1.200	0.239
F值		1.332	7.568
P值		0.273	< 0.001

组别	n	干预前	干预后	t值	P值
太极拳组	13	34.33±9.36	36.83±7.12	0.766	0.450
冥想组	14	39.14±8.02	40.44±8.22	0.424	0.675
有氧运动组	17	40.21±8.07	45.75±9.43^a	1.840	0.070
久坐组	16	33.43±7.79	30.43±6.55^b,c,d	-1.200	0.239
F值		2.601	16.103
P值		0.061	< 0.001

组别	n	干预前	干预后	t值	P值
太极拳组	13	2.99±1.37	3.98±1.17^a	1.981	0.050
冥想组	14	3.43±1.91	4.23±1.83^b	1.132	0.268
有氧运动组	17	3.25±2.02	3.55±1.32^c,d	0.513	0.688
久坐组	16	2.54±1.49	2.34±0.69	-0.487	0.629
F值		0.750	6.289
P值		0.527	< 0.001

组别	n	干预前	干预后	t值	P值
太极拳组	13	435.53±95.52	441.53±98.72	0.157	0.876
冥想组	14	453.05±108.73	433.55±101.33	-0.491	0.627
有氧运动组	17	444.73±97.01	451.17±78.81	0.212	0.833
久坐组	16	451.53±101.33	468.88±87.70	0.518	0.608
F值		0.086	0.419
P值		0.967	0.740