基于足核心系统的足部功能增强研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.10.011

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1186-1192.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.10.011

基于足核心系统的足部功能增强研究进展

肖松林,张希妮,孙晓乐,傅维杰()

上海体育学院运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海市 200438

收稿日期:2019-08-13 修回日期:2019-09-11 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-10-29
通讯作者: 傅维杰 E-mail:fuweijie@sus.edu.cn
作者简介:肖松林(1997-),男,汉族,四川南充市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：康复生物力学。
基金资助:
1.国家自然科学基金资助项目(11772201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(11932013);2.国家重点研发计划"科技冬奥"重点专项(2019YFF0302100);国家重点研发计划"科技冬奥"重点专项(2018YFF0300500);3.上海市教委"曙光学者"计划(19SG47);4.上海市人才发展基金资助计划(2018107);5.上海市体育科技项目(20Q004)

Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review)

XIAO Song-lin,ZHANG Xi-ni,SUN Xiao-le,FU Wei-jie()

Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China

Received:2019-08-13 Revised:2019-09-11 Published:2020-10-25 Online:2020-10-29
Contact: FU Wei-jie E-mail:fuweijie@sus.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(11772201);National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932013);National Key Research and Development Program "Science and Technology in Winter Olympics" Key Project(2019YFF0302100);National Key Research and Development Program "Science and Technology in Winter Olympics" Key Project(2018YFF0300500);the "Dawn" Program of Shanghai Education Commission(19SG47);Talent Development Fund of Shanghai Municipal(2018107);Shanghai Sports Science and Technology Project(20Q004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

足核心系统由主动子系统、被动子系统和神经子系统构成,三者相辅相成,满足足部不同的功能需求。足部功能不足(肌力弱、足部感觉减退)是造成足部运动损伤的一个重要原因,年龄增大、肥胖、足型异常也是可能造成损伤的因素。现阶段,专门的足部肌力增强法、极简鞋训练,甚至是肌肉/脑功能刺激的手段,可以加强足内在肌的肌力,增强足部结构的稳定性,提高足底感觉输入,从而增强足核心系统,提升足部功能表现,预防运动损伤的发生。

关键词: 足核心系统, 足部功能, 足内在肌, 肌力增强, 极简鞋训练

Abstract:

Foot core system comprises active subsystem, passive subsystem and neural subsystem, which complement each other and provide different function for foot. Insufficient foot function (weak muscle strength, hypoesthesia of foot) is an important cause of foot injury, and aging, obesity and abnormal foot type are also possible factors of foot injury. At present, special foot strength enhancement methods, minimalist shoes training, and even the means of muscle/brain stimulation, can strengthen the intrinsic muscle strength of foot, improve the stability of the foot, increase the plantar sensory inputs, thereby enhance the core system, raise the foot function performance, and prevent sports injury.

Key words: foot core system, foot function, intrinsic foot muscle, muscle strength, minimal shoe training

中图分类号:

肖松林,张希妮,孙晓乐,傅维杰. 基于足核心系统的足部功能增强研究进展[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2020, 26(10): 1186-1192.

XIAO Song-lin,ZHANG Xi-ni,SUN Xiao-le,FU Wei-jie. Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(10): 1186-1192.

图/表 4

图1

表1

不同足部肌力增强手段促进足部功能的研究"

纳入文献	n	受试者及分组情况	干预手段	实验设计	实验结果
纳入文献	n	受试者及分组情况	干预手段	实验设计	形态变化	功能变化
Fraser等^[9] (2019)	23	均为成年人。干预组中,男性6例,女性5例,平均(23.6±6.6)岁;对照组中男性6例,女性6例,平均(19.6±1.6)岁	足内在肌渐进性训练	干预组进行脚趾伸展、拇趾伸展和小脚趾伸展训练,每周3次,共4周		训练后,脚趾伸展的运动表现显著改善,脚趾伸展、拇趾伸展和小脚趾伸展运动中的感知显著提升
Okamura等^[13] (2018)	20	均为青年。电刺激组中,男性10例,平均(21.2±1.2)岁;对照组中,男性10例,平均(20.5±1.6)岁	电刺激	步行中对足底内层肌肉进行电刺激以模拟肌肉激活增强		电刺激后,在步态站立期间足舟骨高度达到最小值的时间延迟,垂直地面反作用力显著减小
Kobayashi等^[14] (2016)	56	均为老年人。实验组男性17例,平均(73±5)岁,女性15例,平均(70 ±7岁);对照组中男性14例,平均(72±5)岁,女性10例,平均(70±5)岁	快速力量训练	实验组进行足底屈肌爆炸式力量训练,训练包括3组10次重复的快速跖屈,每周2~4次,共4周		训练后,足底屈肌最大自主收缩力矩显著增加,跖屈力矩变化速率显著增加
Hashimoto等^[15] (2014)	12	均为男性健康青年,平均(29±5)岁	力量训练	受试者进行所有脚趾指间关节和跖趾关节负重3 kg屈曲训练,每天200次,每周2次,共8周	训练后,左侧和右侧足纵弓长度和横弓长度(静态站立位置)下降	训练后,足屈肌群力量增加;左右单腿长跳远距离和垂直跳跃高度增加;50 m短跑时间缩短
Mulligan等^[16] (2013)	21	均为成年人,其中男性3例,女性18例,平均(26.1±3.7)岁	短足训练	受试者进行短足训练,每次30个,每个持续5 s,每天3 min,共4周	训练后,足舟骨高度在第4周平均下降1.8 mm,在第8周平均下降2.2 mm;足弓指数从28%增加到29%	训练后,完成功能平衡任务和伸展任务有显著改善
Lynn等^[17] (2012)	24	均为成年人。短足训练组男性3例,女性5例,平均(23.7±2.1)岁;卷毛巾训练组男性4例,女性4例,平均(22.8±1.2)岁;控制组男性3例,女性5例,平均(22.6±1.7)岁	短足训练;卷毛巾训练	两组分别进行短足训练和卷毛巾训练,每天100个,每个持续5 s,共4周		训练后,动态平衡试验中两组在内侧方向上的压力中心(COP)的运动量减少5 mm;与卷毛巾训练组相比,短足训练组非优势肢体的COP运动显著减少更多
Taddei等^[18] (2018)	31	均为业余跑者。对照组男性15例,平均(44.8±8.7)岁;干预组男性16例,平均(39.4±8.5)岁	肌力训练结合康复训练	干预组进行肌力训练结合康复训练,对照组进行拉伸运动,每周2次,共8周	训练后,受试者拇外展肌和趾短屈肌的横截面积显著增加

表1

表2

图2

参考文献 45

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文献	n	受试者及分组情况	鞋条件	实验设计	实验结果
文献	n	受试者及分组情况	鞋条件	实验设计	形态变化	功能变化
Ebrecht 等^[19] (2018)	74	均为青年人,其中男性37例,女性37例,平均(25.3±7.2)岁。电刺激组19例,极简鞋组40例,对照组15例	神经肌肉电刺激;极简鞋	电刺激组进行拇外展肌最适电刺激,刺激强度逐渐递增,每周2次;极简鞋组进行自选强度的跑步训练。每周2次,共8周	训练后,极简鞋组足底肌肉横截面积增加16.3%
张希妮等^[20] (2019)	17	前掌跑训练组男性9例,平均(33.4±6.4)岁;极简跑鞋组男性8例,平均(27.4±5.9)岁	极简鞋	前掌跑训练组穿着极简鞋进行跑姿转换训练,每周3次,周跑量不变,干预训练量逐周递增;极简鞋组穿着极简鞋以原有的跑步方式进行跑步训练。每周3次,共12周		训练后,两组跟腱力、跟腱力峰值、应力和应变均显著增加;前掌跑训练组跟腱力峰值显著高于极简跑鞋组
Chen等^[10] (2016)	38	传统跑鞋组中,男性10例,女性8例,平均(35.0±5.4)岁;极简鞋组中男性11例,女性9例,平均(34.6±6.6)岁	传统鞋;极简鞋	两组分别穿传统跑鞋和极简鞋进行训练,以日常训练量为准,共6个月	训练后,极简鞋组腿部和足部肌肉面积显著增大
Miller等^[21] (2014)	33	传统跑鞋组16例,平均(29.9±5.5)岁;极简鞋组17例,平均(30.5±4.0)岁	传统鞋;极简鞋	两组分别穿传统鞋或极简鞋进行跑步训练,每周5次,共12周	传统跑鞋组和极简鞋组趾短屈肌体积分别增大11%和21%;极简鞋组最小外展肌面积和体积分别增加18%和22%,并且足弓刚度增加60%

基于足核心系统的足部功能增强研究进展

Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review)

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