12~17岁儿童青少年健康相关久坐行为研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.12.001

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1365-1372.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.12.001

12~17岁儿童青少年健康相关久坐行为研究

杨剑^1,^2,^3,⁴,吴铭^1,²(),邱服冰^3,^4,⁵,李安巧^3,⁴,姜静远^3,⁶,朱婷^3,⁷

1.华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海市200241
2.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市200241
3.中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261000
4.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市100068
5.深圳大学体育部,广东深圳市 518060
6.苏州大学体育学院/运动康复研究中心,江苏苏州市 215021
7.深圳市龙岗区特殊教育学校,广东深圳市 518100

收稿日期:2020-10-30 修回日期:2020-11-26 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2020-12-30
通讯作者: 吴铭 E-mail:wumingzzu@126.com
作者简介:杨剑(1970-),男,汉族,江苏徐州市人,博士,教授,世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心专家委员,主要研究方向：儿童青少年体育与健康,儿童青少年健康,ICF,康复科学,健康心理学,锻炼心理学,康复心理学,残疾研究。
基金资助:
1. 上海高校"立德树人"人文社科重点研究基地子项目(1100-41222-16057);2. 青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地子项目(11001-412321-17006);3. 华东师范大学青少年运动促进健康研究院子项目;4. 华东师范大学2020年"优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划"项目(YBNLTS2020-008)

Research on Health-related Sedentary Behaviors of Children and Adolescents Aged Twelve to 17

YANG Jian^1,^2,^3,⁴,WU Ming^1,²(),QIU Fu-bing^3,^4,⁵,LI An-qiao^3,⁴,JIANG Jing-yuan^3,⁶,ZHU Ting^3,⁷

1. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
2. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
3. China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
4. WHO Family of International Classifications Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
5. Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
6. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Exercise Rehabilitation Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
7. Longgang School of Special Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, China

Received:2020-10-30 Revised:2020-11-26 Published:2020-12-25 Online:2020-12-30
Contact: WU Ming E-mail:wumingzzu@126.com
Supported by:
Sub-project of Shanghai University "Strengthening Morality" Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base(1100-41222-16057);Sub-project of Adolescents Physical Education Research Shanghai Social Science Innovation Research Base(11001-412321-17006);Sub-project East China Normal University Adolescents Sports and Health Promotion Research Institute;East China Normal University 2020 "Excellent PhD Students Academic Innovation Ability Improvement Plan" Project(YBNLTS2020-008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察12~17岁儿童青少年健康相关久坐行为特征。方法 2020年5月至7月,采用wGT3X-BT三轴加速度计和《儿童青少年久坐行为调查问卷》分别对300例儿童青少年久坐行为、久坐间断次数和低强度身体活动进行测量。结果客观测量显示,儿童青少年久坐时间普遍偏高(上学日占80.28%,休息日占81.38%);女生上学日和休息日久坐时间占比均高于男生(F > 5.322, P < 0.05);不同年级儿童青少年在上学日和休息日久坐时间占比、久坐间断次数和低强度身体活动占比方面均有非常高度显著性差异( F > 11.355, P < 0.001)。主观测量显示,分别有86.67%和63.67%的儿童青少年上学日和休息日日均久坐时间超过8 h。教育类久坐、社交类久坐、视频类久坐是当前儿童青少年久坐行为的主要类型,并随学段的增长,教育类久坐时间逐渐增加,社交类、视频类久坐时间相对减少。交通类久坐、文化类久坐时间在儿童青少年总久坐时间中的占比不大。不同年级儿童青少年在上学日社交类久坐、休息日文化类久坐、上学日/休息日视频类久坐、上学日/休息日教育类久坐和上学日/休息日交通类久坐时间方面有显著性差异( F > 2.934, P < 0.05)。结论儿童青少年久坐时间普遍偏高,以教育类久坐为主,久坐时间随学段变化而变化。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 久坐行为, 健康行为

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the health-related sedentary behavior (SB) characteristics of adolescents aged twelve to 17.Methods From May to July, 2020, 300 adolescents were sampled and tested SB, break of sedentary time (BST), light physical activity (LPA) using wGT3X-BT accelerometer and Adolescent Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire.Results The objective measurement showed that the daily sedentary time was high (80.28% on weekdays and 81.38% on weekends). The proportion of sedentary time was high in girls than in boys both on weekdays and weekends (F > 5.322, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the proportion of SB (weekdays/weekends), the frequency of BST (weekdays/weekends), and the proportion of LPA (weekdays/weekends) among different grades ( F > 11.355, P < 0.001). The subjective measurement showed that the sedentary time more than eight hours were 86.67% and 63.67% of children and adolescents on weekdays and weekends, respectively. The educational SB, social SB and video SB were the main types for children and adolescents. The educational SB time increased, and the social SB and video SB time decreased with grades. Traffic SB and cultural SB accounted for a small proportion of the total sedentary time. There were significant differences in social SB (weekdays), cultural SB (weekends), video SB (weekdays/weekends), educational SB (weekdays/weekends) and traffic SB (weekdays/weekends) among different grades ( F > 2.934, P < 0.05). Conclusion The sedentary time is high among children and adolescents, in which educational SB accounts the most, and varies with grade.

Key words: children and adolescents, sedentary behavior, health behavior

中图分类号:

R179

杨剑,吴铭,邱服冰,李安巧,姜静远,朱婷. 12~17岁儿童青少年健康相关久坐行为研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2020, 26(12): 1365-1372.

YANG Jian,WU Ming,QIU Fu-bing,LI An-qiao,JIANG Jing-yuan,ZHU Ting. Research on Health-related Sedentary Behaviors of Children and Adolescents Aged Twelve to 17[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(12): 1365-1372.

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题项	Cronbach α
SB1上课(不含体育课)	0.84
SB2看电视	0.66
SB3看电影	0.57
SB4玩电脑或手机	0.59
SB5用电脑做功课	0.88
SB6做功课不用电脑	0.95
SB7课外阅读	0.88
SB8家教辅导	0.67
SB9交通出行	0.76
SB10手工等静止性活动	0.93
SB11静坐	0.93
SB12演奏乐器或绘画等	0.83

时间	久坐变量	性别		F值	P值
时间	久坐变量	男(n = 127)	女(n = 154)	F值	P值
上学日	SB%(%)	79.31±7.61	81.44±7.80	5.322	0.022
	BST(次/d)	8.41±3.07	8.72±3.13	0.670	0.414
	LPA%(%)	16.54±6.41	15.05±6.29	3.820	0.052
休息日	SB%(%)	80.25±9.35	82.74±8.07	5.579	0.019
	BST(次/d)	8.03±4.47	7.92±4.11	0.050	0.824
	LPA%(%)	16.11±8.21	14.64±7.17	2.504	0.115

时间	久坐变量	年级				F值	P值
时间	久坐变量	初一(n = 95)	初二(n = 38)	高一(n = 50)	高二(n = 98)	F值	P值
上学日	SB%(%)	77.61±7.97^a,c	75.94±6.62^b,d	81.25±7.94^e	84.04±5.87	18.609	< 0.001
	BST(次/d)	10.24±2.68^f,g,h	7.62±1.72	7.39±4.70	7.86±2.03	17.089	< 0.001
	LPA%(%)	18.60±6.90^i,j	18.65±4.33^k,l	14.91±6.08	12.62±4.93	20.591	< 0.001
休息日	SB%(%)	78.16±10.26	82.16±9.18^m	79.82±7.33	84.99±6.37^n,o	11.355	< 0.001
	BST(次/d)	7.61±5.09^p,s	8.07±4.00^q,t	5.20±3.59^r	9.72±2.91	14.386	< 0.001
	LPA%(%)	18.60±8.91^u	15.54±7.74	16.28±6.41	11.92±5.62^v,w,x	13.729	< 0.001

时间	久坐类型	性别		F值	P值
时间	久坐类型	男(n = 127)	女(n = 154)	F值	P值
上学日	社交类	7.17±4.51	6.95±4.04	0.203	0.653
	文化类	0.86±1.69	1.21±3.35	1.405	0.237
	视频类	2.70±4.19	3.32±5.15	1.333	0.249
	教育类	64.85±11.31	65.04±12.25	0.020	0.889
	交通类	0.81±1.36	0.78±1.29	0.040	0.842
休息日	社交类	7.39±6.04	6.99±5.73	0.339	0.561
	文化类	9.63±8.79	11.43±9.37	2.934	0.088
	视频类	17.91±19.31	18.47±18.74	0.064	0.801
	教育类	42.68±20.67	39.72±17.70	1.744	0.188
	交通类	1.62±2.33	1.76±2.33	0.290	0.591

久坐类型	年级				F值	P值
久坐类型	初一(n = 100)	初二(n = 49)	高一(n = 51)	高二(n = 100)	F值	P值
社交类	6.82±4.68	8.67±4.43^a,b,c	6.41±3.59	6.85±4.00	2.934	0.034
文化类	1.43±3.42^d	0.83±1.81	1.11±2.70	0.66±1.75	1.606	0.188
视频类	3.30±4.15	3.92±6.98	4.93±5.28^h	1.23±2.30^e,f,g	9.148	< 0.001
教育类	61.97±11.61^i,j	68.52±14.02^k	61.37±9.78^l	67.98±10.34	7.975	< 0.001
交通类	1.42±1.40^m,n	0.08±0.28	1.24±1.85^o,p	0.29±0.76	22.977	< 0.001

12~17岁儿童青少年健康相关久坐行为研究

Research on Health-related Sedentary Behaviors of Children and Adolescents Aged Twelve to 17

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测量方式	性别	年龄(岁)	年级(n)
测量方式	性别	年龄(岁)	初一	初二	高一	高二
主观测量	男(n = 160)	15.27±1.36	40	25	32	63
	女(n = 140)	14.61±1.41	60	24	19	37
	全体(n = 300)	14.96±1.42	100	49	51	100
客观测量	男(n = 127)	15.29±1.37	39	21	32	62
	女(n = 154)	14.64±1.46	56	17	18	36
	全体(n = 281)	15.00±1.45	95	38	50	98

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久坐类型	年级				F值	P值
久坐类型	初一(n = 100)	初二(n = 49)	高一(n = 51)	高二(n = 100)	F值	P值
社交类	7.37±7.12	6.54±6.04	6.62±4.43	7.67±5.09	0.613	0.607
文化类	13.62±10.20^a,c	13.72±9.70^b,d	7.34±7.33	7.33±6.51	13.637	< 0.001
视频类	20.98±15.35^{h, i}	43.17±22.52^e,f,g	11.46±7.89^j	6.53±10.07	76.659	< 0.001
教育类	29.21±13.57	26.09±16.54	48.34±10.68^k,l	57.25±14.64^m,n,o	91.297	< 0.001
交通类	2.77±2.76	1.98±2.38	1.11±1.65^r	0.74±1.51^p,q	16.246	< 0.001