中国物理治疗师胜任特征模型的探索性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.03.016

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 341-348.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.03.016

中国物理治疗师胜任特征模型的探索性研究

萧敦武^1,²,陈楠³,王詠^4,⁵(),邱卓英^6,^7,⁸(),伊丽奇⁴,朱平⁶

^1.首都医科大学康复医学院，北京市 100068
^2.中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院，北京市 100068
^3.首都经济贸易大学，北京市 100070
^4.中国科学院心理健康重点实验室（中国科学院心理研究所），北京市 100101
^5.中国科学院大学心理系，北京市 100049
^6.中国康复研究中心/中国康复科学所，北京市 100068
^7.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心，北京市 100068
^8.中国ICF研究院/潍坊医学院，山东潍坊市 261053

收稿日期:2020-05-27 修回日期:2020-06-19 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-04-02
通讯作者: 王詠,邱卓英 E-mail:wangy@psych.ac.cn;qiutiger@hotmail.com
作者简介:萧敦武(1984-)，男，汉族，湖北仙桃市人，硕士，主管治疗师，主要研究方向：康复科学、康复管理、康复教育|王詠(1974-)，男，福建人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：积极组织行为、职业心理健康|邱卓英(1962-)，男，汉族，湖北武汉市人，博士，研究员、教授，主要研究方向：ICF、康复心理学、残疾研究、康复科学、康复信息。
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2012CZ-34)

Competency Model of Physical Therapists in China: An Exploratory Research

Dun-wu XIAO^1,²,Nan CHEN³,Yong WANG^4,⁵(),Zhuo-ying QIU^6,^7,⁸(),Li-qi YI⁴,Ping ZHU⁶

^1.Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China
^2.Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
^3.Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
^4.CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
^5.Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^6.China Rehabilitation Research Center/China Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing 100068, China
^7.WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
^8.China Academy of ICF/Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China

Received:2020-05-27 Revised:2020-06-19 Published:2021-03-25 Online:2021-04-02
Contact: Yong WANG,Zhuo-ying QIU E-mail:wangy@psych.ac.cn;qiutiger@hotmail.com
Supported by:
National Special Fund of Basic Research of Public Benefits for Institutes at Central Governmental Level(2012CZ-34)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

探索构建中国的物理治疗师胜任特征模型。

方法

在文献搜集和专家访谈基础上，采用质性分析方法，建立物理治疗师胜任特征要素集。据此编制问卷，调查康复从业人员641例，回收有效问卷521份。探索性因子分析建构胜任特征模型，并行验证性因子分析检验。

结果

物理治疗师胜任特征要素集包括4个方面，74个要素。胜任特征模型由44个要素构成，包括职业精神与道德品质、评估干预的知识技能、教研宣讲能力、合作与管理能力、学科基础知识5个维度，解释总变异的74.41%，问卷和各维度Cronbach α系数> 0.8。验证性因子分析显示，χ²/df = 2.340, 近似误差均方根 = 0.060, 拟合优度指数 = 0.746, 规范拟合指数 = 0.811, 增量拟合指数 = 0.850, 比较拟合指数 = 0.850。

结论

建构的胜任特征模型可为中国物理治疗师成为单独的职业，以及教育、选拔和评估等提供参考。

关键词: 物理治疗师, 胜任特征模型, 探索性因子分析

Abstract: Objective

To construct the competency model of physical therapists in China.

Methods

A set of physical therapists' competency elements was established based on literature review and expert interviews. A questionnaire was designed based on the set, and 641 rehabilitation practitioners were investigated (521 valid questionnaires returned) with the questionnaire. Exploration factor analysis was used to construct the competency model of physical therapists, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirmed.

Results

The set of physical therapists' competency elements included 74 elements in four dimensions. There were 44 competency elements in the competency model of physical therapists, including five dimensions that were Professionalism and Moral Conduct, Knowledge and Skills of Evaluation and Intervention, Abilities of Educational-Research and Advocate, Abilities of Cooperation and Management, and Basic Knowledge of Discipline, covering 74.41% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire and each dimension was more than 0.8. Model fitness indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were as follow: χ²/df = 2.340, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.746, Normed Fit Index = 0.811, Incremental Fit Index = 0.850, Comparative Fit Index = 0.850.

Conclusion

The competency model can provide a basis for physical therapists to become independent occupation, as well as for the education, selection, evaluation of physical therapists in China.

Key words: physical therapist, competency model, exploration factor analysis

中图分类号:

R192.9

萧敦武,陈楠,王詠,邱卓英,伊丽奇,朱平. 中国物理治疗师胜任特征模型的探索性研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(3): 341-348.

Dun-wu XIAO,Nan CHEN,Yong WANG,Zhuo-ying QIU,Li-qi YI,Ping ZHU. Competency Model of Physical Therapists in China: An Exploratory Research[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(3): 341-348.

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

表5

参考文献 37

1	井淇,孙宏伟,邱卓英. 国际康复人力资源构成和配置及其对发展现代康复高等教育的启示[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(9): 1011-1017.
	Jing Q, Sun H W, Qiu Z Y. Composition and allocation of rehabilitation workforces: implications to development of higher education of modern rehabilitation [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2018, 24(9): 1011-1017.
2	吴世彩. 发展康复高等教育实现现代康复价值[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(9): 993-1000.
	Wu S C. Development of higher education of rehabilitation: realizing the values of modern rehabilitation [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2018, 24(9): 993-1000.
3	McClelland D C. Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence" [J]. Am Psychol, 1973, 28(1): 1-14.
4	萧敦武,王詠,伊丽奇. 物理治疗师胜任特征研究现状[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2016, 22(2): 168-171.
	Xiao D W, Wang Y, Yi L Q. Research status of competency for physical therapist (review) [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2016, 22(2): 168-171.
5	World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for standards of physical therapy practice [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
6	The Therapy Project Office. Physiotherapy Competencies [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
7	Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Standards of Competence [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
8	Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Physiotherapy Framework: putting physiotherapy behaviours, knowledge & skills into practice [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
9	National Physiotherapy Advisory Group. Competency Profile for Physiotherapists in Canada (2017) [EB/OL]. [2020-05-26]. .
10	肖晓飞,马洪卓,王莎莎,等. 基于ICF的物理治疗本科学科和专业体系构建及课程开发[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2019, 25(9): 1004-1010.
	Xiao X F, Ma H Z, Wang S S, et al. Construction of system of specialty and development of curricula of physical therapy for undergraduate based on ICF [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2019, 25(9): 1004-1010.
11	国家职业分类大典修订工作委员会. 中华人民共和国职业分类大典:2015年版[M]. 北京: 中国劳动社会保障出版社,中国人事出版社, 2015.
12	吴一凡. 龙墨委员:加快建立完善我国康复治疗人员的执业准入和职称晋升制度[EB/OL]. [2020-06-14]. .
13	Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Health Professions Education Summit, Greiner A C, Knebel E. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality [M]. Washington D.C.: National Academies Press, 2003: 45-73.
14	Verma S, Paterson M, Medves J. Core competencies for health care professionals: what medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy share [J]. J Allied Health, 2006, 35(2): 109-115.
15	World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for physical therapist professional entry level education [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
16	全国卫生专业技术资格考试专家委员会. 全国卫生专业技术资格考试指导:2019康复医学与治疗技术[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2019: 1.
17	Yoshino J, Usuda S. The reliability and validity of the clinical competence evaluation scale in physical therapy [J]. J Phys Ther Sci, 2013, 25(12): 1621-1624.
18	中国康复医学会康复医学教育专业委员会. 康复治疗专业技术人才准入标准[J]. 中国康复医学杂志, 2004, 19(6): 13-15.
	Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine Rehabilitation Medical Education Committee. Chin J Rehabil Med, 2004, 19(6): 13-15.
19	徐建平. 教师胜任力模型与测评研究[D]. 北京:北京师范大学, 2004.
	Xu J P. Competence model of teacher: construction and evaluation [D]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University, 2004.
20	吴明隆. 结构方程模型:AMOS的操作与应用[M]. 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2010: 43-49.
	Wu M L. Structural Equation Modeling: Operation and Application of AMOS [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2010: 43-49.
21	Spencer L M, Spencer S M. Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance [M]. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1993: 222-226.
22	Weinert F E. Concept of competence: a conceptual clarification [M]// Rychen D S, Salganik L H. Defining and Selecting Key Competencies. Ashland, OH, US: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2001: 45-65.
23	Le Deist F D, Winterton J. What is competence? [J]. Human Resource Development International, 2005, 8(1): 27-46.
24	Calhoun J G, Ramiah K, Weist E M, et al. Development of a core competency model for the master of public health degree [J]. Am J Public Health, 2008, 98(9): 1598-1607.
25	Vaughn S, Mauk K L, Jacelon C S, et al. The competency model for professional rehabilitation nursing [J]. Rehabil Nurs, 2016, 41(1): 33-44.
26	王重鸣,陈民科. 管理胜任力特征分析:结构方程模型检验[J]. 心理科学, 2002, 25(5): 513-516, 637.
	Wang C M, Chen M K. Managerial competency modeling: a structural equation testing [J]. Psychol Sci, 2002, 25(5): 513-516, 637.
27	时勘,王继承,李超平,等. 企业高层管理者胜任特征模型评价的研究[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(3): 306-311.
	Shi K, Wang J C, Li C P, et al. Assessment on competency model of senior managers [J]. Psychol Sci, 2002, 34(3): 306-311.
28	尹爱田,李峰,董先雨,等. 30所医院院长胜任力研究[J]. 中华医院管理杂志, 2006, 22(10): 670-672.
	Yin A T, Li F, Dong X Y, et al. Chin J Hosp Admin, 2006, 22(10): 670-672.
29	刘羽,郭晓萱,周诗雪,等. 康复科护理胜任力评价指标体系构建[J]. 护理学杂志, 2015, 30(3): 69-72.
	Liu Y, Guo X X, Zhou S X, et al. Construction of a competence evaluation index system for rehabilitation nurses [J]. J Nurs Sci, 2015, 30(3): 69-72.
30	Geng Y, Zhao L, Wang Y, et al. Competency model for dentists in China: results of a Delphi study [J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(3): e0194411.
31	李伟,孙艺倩,刘瑾,等. 国外医学会及医学期刊在医生职业道德建设中的作用[J]. 医学与哲学, 2019, 40(24): 37-39.
	Li W, Sun Y Q, Liu J, et al. The role of foreign medical association and medical journals in the construction of doctors' professional ethics [J]. Med Philos, 2019, 40(24): 37-39.
32	World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Ethical responsibilities of physical therapists and WCPT members [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
33	World Confederation for Physical Therapy. What is physical therapy? [EB/OL]. [2020-04-12]. .
34	邱卓英,李伦,陈迪,等. 基于世界卫生组织国际健康分类家族康复指南研究:理论架构和方法体系[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2020, 26(2): 125-135.
	Qiu Z Y, Li L, Chen D, et al. Research on rehabilitation guidelines using World Health Organization Family International Classifications: framework and approaches [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2020, 26(2): 125-135.
35	Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy of University of Southern California. Application Requirements [EB/OL]. [2020-05-25]. .
36	李欣章. 建立与发展中国康复高等教育体系[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(9): 1001-1005.
	Li X Z. Establishment and development of higher education system of rehabilitation in China [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2018, 24(9): 1001-1005.
37	管英俊. 基于ICF理论构建现代康复学科与课程体系[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(9): 1006-1010.
	Guan Y J. Establishment of modern disciplinary system and core curriculum system of rehabilitation in China based on the theory of ICF [J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2018, 24(9): 1006-1010.

变量名	分类	n	%
性别	男	310	59.5
	女	211	40.5
从事物理治疗工作的年限	≤ 5年	35	6.7
	6~10年	234	44.9
	11~20年	180	34.5
	≥ 21年	72	13.8
职称	治疗师	204	39.2
	主管治疗师	175	33.6
	副主任治疗师及以上	98	18.8
	其他	44	8.4
最高学历	大专	47	9.0
	本科	292	56.0
	硕士	126	24.2
	博士	34	6.5
	其他	22	4.3

访谈对象编号	N₁	N₂	M	CA
合计	248	244	168	0.75
1	42	41	30	0.72
2	58	47	39	0.74
3	50	49	35	0.71
4	68	76	55	0.76
5	30	31	26	0.85
6	试编码，不适用

领域	要素
知识	基础医学、临床医学、相关专业、康复医学、康复评定、物理治疗、临床康复、传统医学、伦理学、法律法规、服务规范与行为准则、岗位职责、制度与政策、社会科学
技能	搜集患者相关资料、制定功能评估计划、实施功能评估、调整评估内容、功能诊断、制定干预计划、知情同意、实施功能干预、核实潜在病情、评估干预效果、调整干预计划、终止治疗、病历书写与病案编码
能力	患者宣教、教学、授课技巧及准备、公众宣教、管理自己、平衡各项工作、组织管理、财务管理(含计费)、环境和设备管理、管理安全、质量控制与改进、评估自我、提高专业水平、推动专业发展、科研、创新、循证实践、信息技术应用、规划、文档书写、激励患者、信息搜集、外语、分析思考、交流沟通、合作意识、处理人际关系、咨询筛查
特质或动机	理解和尊重差异、追求卓越、社会责任感、慈悲(有同情心)、热爱本专业、爱岗敬业、利他精神、正直、诚实守信、奉献精神、正确的价值观、自信、灵活性、责任心、勤劳、好的性格、职业道德、虚心好学、及时改正身上的缺点

题号	因子1	题号	因子2	题号	因子3	题号	因子4	题号	因子5
I4.7	0.803	I2.4	0.818	I3.15	0.726	I3.21	0.700	I1.8	0.705
I4.6	0.786	I2.2	0.801	I3.28	0.709	I3.23	0.623	I1.2	0.681
I4.9	0.785	I2.3	0.799	I3.1	0.652	I3.8	0.529	I1.4	0.630
I4.10	0.733	I2.5	0.781	I3.18	0.611			I1.15	0.617
I4.4	0.730	I2.6	0.773	I3.3	0.596			I1.3	0.566
I4.19	0.725	I2.7	0.746	I3.4	0.585
I4.8	0.724	I2.9	0.746	I3.2	0.514
I4.5	0.699	I2.8	0.742
I4.12	0.698	I2.1	0.740
I4.3	0.691	I1.5	0.719
I4.16	0.689	I1.6	0.601
I4.20	0.654
I4.15	0.647
I4.17	0.626
I4.18	0.610
I4.1	0.599
I4.2	0.596
I3.13	0.517
特征值	26.045		2.720		1.833		1.102		1.039
方差贡献率(%)	25.074		21.974		11.308		8.099		7.951
累计方差贡献率(%)	25.074		47.048		58.355		66.454		74.410
Cronbachα系数	0.971		0.972		0.896		0.840		0.868

[1]	肖晓飞, 邱卓英, 孙宏伟, 李安巧. 基于ICF和康复胜任力架构建设物理治疗本科教育[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(3): 295-305.
[2]	林星茹,赵盈喆,刘亚,孙舒悦,郭培武,吴芳,欧阳筱瑶,井淇,张建华. 东亚地区物理治疗师配置、教育培训与职业准入体系的比较研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(11): 1334-1341.
[3]	刘昌亚. 加拿大物理治疗师执业资格认证特征及启示[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2019, 25(12): 1485-1488.
[4]	王颖, 朱昭锦, 朱毅. 亚洲4个地区物理治疗师职业状况分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2018, 24(9): 1103-1109.
[5]	王颖, 朱昭锦, 朱毅. 7国物理治疗师职业状况分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2018, 24(5): 615-620.
[6]	张敬学, 马芊, 杨磊, 何影, 祝畅, 姚黎清. 运用国际标准建立康复治疗临床实践基地[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2018, 24(10): 1233-1236.
[7]	邓学，邓欢，虞乐华，叶永玉. 美国手部治疗师注册考试与认证制度详解及借鉴意义[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2017, 23(4): 488-493.
[8]	萧敦武1,2,3,4,5，王詠4,5，伊丽奇4,5. 物理治疗师胜任特征研究现状①[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2016, 22(2): 168-171.
[9]	张保锋;罗素英. 我国现代物理治疗师的技术素养与发展现状[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2009, 15(02): 199-200.
[10]	庞红;;黑泽和生. 中日两国物理治疗师问卷调查分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2003, 9(10): 583-584.
[11]	常冬梅 . 日本的物理治疗师教育及其发展 [J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2003, 9(08): 508-511.
[12]	李林;鲍秀芹;麻淑君 . 国外物理治疗师的培训情况及其对我国的启迪 [J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2002, 8(05): 316-317.

中国物理治疗师胜任特征模型的探索性研究

Competency Model of Physical Therapists in China: An Exploratory Research

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 37

相关文章 12

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

拟合指标	数值
χ²	2089.42
df	893
χ²/df	2.34
GFI	0.746
NFI	0.811
IFI	0.85
CFI	0.85
RMSEA	0.06