《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 394-404.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.04.003

• 专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ICF老年人身体活动与功能康复的Scoping综述

崔德刚1,邱芬2(),邱服冰3,李中浩2,张雅茹2,李有明2,朱肖肖2,刘静2,汤修齐2,史文文4   

  1. 1.武汉大学体育部，湖北 武汉市 430072
    2.武汉理工大学体育部，湖北 武汉市 430070
    3.深圳大学体育部，广东 深圳市 518052
    4.湖北休闲体育发展研究中心，湖北 武汉市 430062
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-30 修回日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 邱芬 E-mail:qfen0813@126.com
  • 作者简介:崔德刚(1972-)，男，汉族，山东威海市人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向：体育与健康促进|邱芬(1979-)，女，湖北随州市人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：运动心理与健康促进。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC890033);湖北休闲体育发展研究中心开放基金重点项目(2020Z003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019VI012)

Physical Activity and Functional Rehabilitation for Aging People Based on ICF: A Scoping Review

De-gang CUI1,Fen QIU2(),Fu-bing QIU3,Zhong-hao LI2,Ya-ru ZHANG2,You-ming LI2,Xiao-xiao ZHU2,Jing LIU2,Xiu-qi TANG2,Wen-wen SHI4   

  1. 1.Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
    2.Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
    3.Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
    4.Leisure Sports Development Research Center of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Revised:2021-01-12 Published:2021-04-25 Online:2021-04-20
  • Contact: Fen QIU E-mail:qfen0813@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Project(19YJC890033);Leisure Sports Development Research Center of Hubei Open Fund (Key)(2020Z003);Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Central Universities(2019VI012)

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摘要： 目的

基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)的理论与方法，建立老年人身体活动与康复体育活动范畴和结构。

方法

以已有文献资料为基础，建立老年人身体活动和康复体育活动及其效果架构、内容编码和内容分析方法，对老年人的身体活动和康复体育活动文献进行Scoping综述。

结果

老年人参与的身体活动类型有体适能类、技能类和运动项目类3类，包括有规律的身体活动、认知性娱乐活动、娱乐性体育活动、休闲体育活动、家庭/交通活动和休闲/体育活动、运动游戏、康复体育活动等。身体活动能促进老年人精神功能(b1)，感觉功能和疼痛(b2)，心血管、血液、免疫和呼吸系统的功能(b4)，消化、代谢和内分泌系统功能(b5)，神经肌肉骨骼和运动有关的功能(b7)，皮肤和有关结构的功能(b8)，活动(d4)，社区、社会和公民生活(d9)等，具体指标包括体质量指数、心血管、身体素质(肌力和耐力、有氧耐力)、平衡、灵活性、上下肢力量、睡眠、代谢能力、认知功能、抗衰老能力等，可提高主观幸福感、生活质量，改善抑郁症状，降低肌少症、痴呆、跌倒风险等。影响身体活动参与的因素主要有环境因素和个人因素，包括产品和技术(e1)、自然环境和对环境的人为改变(e3)、支持和相互关系(e3)、态度、服务体制和政策(e5)，具体为城市环境、建筑环境、街道路面状况、天气、是否有看护人、家人和朋友的陪伴等。

结论

老年人的身体活动形式有体适能类活动、技能类活动和运动项目类活动，老年人参与身体活动和康复体育活动，主要为体适能类、技能类和运动项目类活动。身体活动对老年人功能康复的作用主要体现在身体功能(精神功能，感觉功能和疼痛，心血管、血液、免疫和呼吸系统的功能，消化、代谢和内分泌系统功能，神经肌肉骨骼和运动有关的功能，皮肤和有关结构的功能)和活动与参与(活动，社区、社会和公民生活)。身体功能对老年人功能健康的效果主要有促进身体健康、心理健康、功能健康、社会适应和社会福祉。

关键词: 身体活动, 康复, 《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》, 老年人, Scoping综述

Abstract: Objective

To review the categories of physical activities and rehabilitation exercise for aging people based on the theory and method of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).

Methods

From the framework and coding of ICF, physical activities, rehabilitation exercise and functional improvement for the aging people were reviewed.

Results

There were three typical physical activities: physical fitness, skills and sports, mainly including regular exercises, cognitive amusements, leisure sports activities, recreational sports activities, rehabilitation exercises, etc. Physical activities promoted the functioning of the aging people, including mental function (b1), pain and sensory dysfunction (b2), cardiovascular, blood, the function of the immune system and respiratory system (b4), digestion, metabolism and function of the endocrine system (b5), nerve musculoskeletal function related to movement (b7), the function of skin and related structures (b8), activity (d4), and community, social and civic life (d9), etc., especially body mass index, cardiovascular, physical fitness (muscular strength and endurance, aerobic endurance), balance, flexibility, upper and lower extremities strength, sleep, metabolic capability, cognitive function and anti-aging ability. There were more gains at individual levels, including promotion of subjective happiness, quality of life, reducing depression, risk of sarcopenia, dementia and falling, etc. The environmental and personal factors related to activity and participation in physical activities included the products and technologies (e1), natural environment and man-made changes to the environment (e3), support and interpersonal relationships (e3), attitude, service system and policy (e5), such as urban environment, building environment, street pavement behavior, weather, caregivers, accompany of family and friends, etc.

Conclusion

The physical activities and rehabilitation exercise the aged joined include physical fitness activities, skills activities, and sports activities. The physical activities had effects on the rehabilitation of the aged including the function of the body(mental function, pain and sensory dysfunction, cardiovascular, blood, the function of the immune system and respiratory system, digestion, metabolism, and function of the endocrine system, nerve musculoskeletal function related to movement, the function of skin and related structures) and the participation in activities (activities, community, society and civic life). The function of the body works for the health of the aged to promote physical health, mental health, functional health, social adjustment and social well-being.

Key words: physical activity, rehabilitation exercise, International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, aging people, scoping review

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