基于ICF-CY的适应性韵律体操活动对低功能孤独症谱系障碍儿童的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.04.005

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 412-419.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.04.005

基于ICF-CY的适应性韵律体操活动对低功能孤独症谱系障碍儿童的效果

许晨晨¹,姚明焰¹(),邱服冰²(),郝传萍³,李安巧⁴,于文⁵,姜月帅¹,朱婷⁶

^1.北京师范大学体育与运动学院，北京市 100875
^2.深圳大学体育部，广东深圳市 518060
^3.北京联合大学，北京市 100075
^4.中国ICF研究院，山东潍坊市 261000
^5.北京市健翔学校，北京市 100086
^6.深圳龙岗特殊教育学校，广东深圳市 518000

收稿日期:2020-11-22 修回日期:2021-01-19 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-20
通讯作者: 姚明焰,邱服冰 E-mail:ymy1964@163.com;13902932056@163.com
作者简介:许晨晨(1989-)，女，汉族，湖北十堰市人，博士研究生，主要研究方向：体育教育与康复体育。

Adapted Rhythmic Gymnastics Based on ICF-CY for Children with Low Function Autism Spectrum Disorder

Chen-chen XU¹,Ming-yan YAO¹(),Fu-bing QIU²(),Chuan-ping HAO³,An-qiao LI⁴,Wen YU⁵,Yue-shuai JIANG¹,Ting ZHU⁶

^1.College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
^2.Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
^3.Beijing Union University, Beijing 100075, China
^4.China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
^5.Beijing Jianxiang School, Beijing 100086, China
^6.Longgang Special Education School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China

Received:2020-11-22 Revised:2021-01-19 Published:2021-04-25 Online:2021-04-20
Contact: Ming-yan YAO,Fu-bing QIU E-mail:ymy1964@163.com;13902932056@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

探讨基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的适应性韵律体操对低功能孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童基本动作发展的效果。

方法

2019年9月，低功能ASD男童(IQ 47~53) 3例，年龄7.2~8岁，依据ICF-CY理论进行身体活动和运动功能评定，制定为期12周的适应性韵律体操体育活动，包括体适能活动、体操技术活动和游戏性活动。干预前后，采用ICF-CY综合功能问卷和Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS-2)粗大运动功能部分进行测评。

结果

3例儿童身体结构和功能、活动和参与限定值均获得不同程度改善，PDMS-2粗大运动功能各项评分均提高。

结论

基于ICF-CY适应性韵律体操活动有助于改善低功能ASD儿童的整体功能，特别是运动功能，提升儿童的基本动作能力，可作为低功能ASD儿童的康复体育活动项目。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 儿童, 低功能, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类, 运动, 适应性韵律体操

Abstract: Objective

To study the effect of adapted rhythmic gymnastics based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version(ICF-CY) on the fundamental motor skill development for children with low function autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Three boys aged 7.2 to 8 years with low function ASD (IQ 47 to 53) participated in the exercise since September, 2019. Their activities and motor function were analyzed with ICF-CY to develop a 12-week rehabilitation exercise, including physical fitness, gymnastics skills content and game. They were assessed with ICF-CY based Questionnaire and gross motor of Peabody Developmental Motor Scales(PDMS-2) before and after training.

Results

The qualifiers of body structure, body function, activity and participation improved somehow after training. The scores of gross motor skills of PDMS-2 improved.

Conclusion

The adapted rhythmic gymnastics training based on ICF-CY may improve the functioning, especially motor function, for children with low function ASD, which can be a kind of rehabilitation exercise.

Key words: autism spectrum disorder, children, low function, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, motor, adapted rhythmic gymnastics

中图分类号:

R749.93

许晨晨,姚明焰,邱服冰,郝传萍,李安巧,于文,姜月帅,朱婷. 基于ICF-CY的适应性韵律体操活动对低功能孤独症谱系障碍儿童的效果[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(4): 412-419.

Chen-chen XU,Ming-yan YAO,Fu-bing QIU,Chuan-ping HAO,An-qiao LI,Wen YU,Yue-shuai JIANG,Ting ZHU. Adapted Rhythmic Gymnastics Based on ICF-CY for Children with Low Function Autism Spectrum Disorder[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(4): 412-419.

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编号	性别	年龄(岁)	ASD严重程度	韦氏智商/智力障碍程度	身高(cm)	体质量(kg)
1	男	7.2	三级	47/中	121	27
2	男	7.6	三级	50/中	126	27
3	男	8	二级	53/中	128	25

活动类别	活动内容	目标功能	活动强度
体适能类	基本韵律体操练习：律动踏步、节律拍手、屈伸膝、摆动上肢、屈伸肘、蹲起、双脚转换跳、方位并步跳	智力功能(b117)；心肺健康(b455)、心肺耐力(b410、b740)；肌肉力量(b730)；模仿能力(b147)；听觉、触觉、本体感、前庭觉(b156)	中高强度(3.0~6.0 MET)体适能活动每次≥ 20 min
	垫上体操动作练习方位爬行：跪撑爬、直臂直腿爬、仰撑爬、推车爬、支撑跳不经头颈的滚动：团身滚、冰棍滚、斜坡滚、陀螺滚	关节稳定(b710、b715)；上肢力量(b730)；耐力(b740)；协调(b760)；本体觉(b260)
	身体素质练习：手指点击、手掌拍击、悬吊杆；脚背、脚尖连续击拍地面、蹬车轮、仰卧起坐、俯卧背起、仰卧举腿、俯撑等	腕关节运动(b710)；上肢力量(b730)、协调性(b760)；控制力(b735)；核心力量、躯干力量(b730)；姿势控制(b147)
运动技能类	轻器械体操球类：方位举球、拍接球、弹接球、夹球举腿、抛接球及互传球弹力带抗阻练习：对抗跑、对抗拉圈类：连续钻圈、爬形钻圈、跳圈	身体协调(b760)和关节动作稳定(b710)；触觉功能(b265)、躯干力量(b730)；操控能力(b755)	中高等强度(个人能力的50%~80%)运动技能活动≥ 20 min
竞赛类	体操类游戏比赛：弹力带抗阻赛跑、投球入框赛、爬行赛	社会人际互动(b122)；注意力(b140)；动作熟练程度	中高强度(3.0~6.0 MET)竞赛、游戏活动≥ 10 min/次

类目	学生1		学生2		学生3
类目	初期	末期	初期	末期	初期	末期
身体结构
s7与运动有关的结构
s710头颈部位有问题?	0	0	0	0	0	0
s730臂和手有问题?	2	1	0	0	1	1
s750腿和脚有问题?	2	1	1	1	0	0
身体功能
b1精神功能
b110维持清醒有问题?	0	0	0	0	0	0
b163完成需要思考的任务有问题?	4	3	3	3	4	2
b134睡眠问题？	3	2	0	0	4	2
b140注意力问题？	4	3	4	3	4	2
b144记忆某事有问题?	3	3	3	3	3	2
b147协调身体各部位有问题?	3	2	3	2	3	1
b156辨别声音、形状是否有问题?	0	0	0	0	0	0
b2感觉功能和疼痛
b210前庭觉有问题？	3	2	3	2	2	1
b230听声音有问题?	0	0	0	0	0	0
b280比同龄儿童感受更多的疼？	4	2	0	0	4	2
b3发声和言语功能
发声和说话有问题?	3	3	4	4	3	2
b7神经肌肉骨骼和运动有关的功能
b710手腕、肘部、肩关节或膝关节有问题?	3	2	0	0	2	2
b730躯干、手臂、腿部肌肉问题?	3	2	3	2	2	2
b735身体躯干、手臂、腿部僵硬的问题?	0	0	0	0	3	1
b750肌肉反射问题?	2	1	0	0	0	0
b760控制手臂和腿部运动是否有问题?	4	2	3	2	4	2
b765是否有其他不寻常的运动?	4	2	3	3	4	2

类目	学生1		学生2		学生3
类目	初期	末期	初期	末期	初期	末期
d230进行日常事务	4/3	3/2	4/3	2/2	3/2	2/2
d250控制自身行为	4/4	3/2	4/3	3/3	4/4	2/2
d310交流-接收-口头讯息	4/4	3/3	4/4	3/3	3/2	2/2
d330说	4/4	2/3	4/3	3/3	4/3	3/2
d335非语言的讯息	4/3	2/2	4/3	3/2	4/3	3/2
d440精巧手的使用	3/3	2/3	3/3	3/3	3/3	2/2
d450步行	2/1	1/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
d710基本人际交往	4/4	2/3	3/4	3/3	4/4	3/2
d880参与游戏	4/4	3/2	4/3	3/2	4/4	2/2
d920娱乐与休闲	4/4	3/4	3/3	3/2	3/4	2/2

时间	学生1				学生2				学生3
时间	姿势控制	移动	实物操作	粗大动作商	姿势控制	移动	实物操作	粗大动作商	姿势控制	移动	实物操作	粗大动作商
T0	3	13	4	79	4	12	7	85	6	20	9	111
T1	3	15	4	83	4	12	7	85	8	20	9	115
T2	8	25	11	132	7	27	11	132	9	29	12	136

基于ICF-CY的适应性韵律体操活动对低功能孤独症谱系障碍儿童的效果

Adapted Rhythmic Gymnastics Based on ICF-CY for Children with Low Function Autism Spectrum Disorder

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