《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2021, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1225-1232.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.10.014

• 残疾调查与统计 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于《无障碍设计规范》的超大城市道路交通人行道无障碍建设状况评价——以上海市为例

王草1,2,吕军1,2,3,4(),谢辉5,孙梅1,2,3,郭婧6,井淇6,陈一涵1,2,陈刚1,2,3   

  1. 1.复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海市200032
    2.复旦大学中国残疾问题研究中心,上海市 200032
    3.国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学),上海市 200032
    4.国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心(华山),上海市 200032
    5.上海市眼科医院,上海市 200032
    6.潍坊医学院,山东潍坊市 261053
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-20 修回日期:2021-08-30 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 吕军 E-mail:lujun@shmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王草(1995-),女,汉族,河南驻马店市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:健康服务政策与治理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA078);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71774030);上海市残联系统康复重点学科建设项目(ZDXK201513905);上海市卫生健康委员会卫生健康政策研究课题项目(2020HP21)

Evaluation of Accessibility of Road Traffic Sidewalks Using the Codes for Accessibility Design in the Mega-city: a Case of Shanghai

WANG Cao1,2,LÜ Jun1,2,3,4(),XIE Hui5,SUN Mei1,2,3,GUO Jing6,JING Qi6,CHEN Yi-han1,2,CHEN Gang1,2,3   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    2. China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    3. National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University),Shanghai 200032, China
    4. National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    5. Shanghai Ophthalmology Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
    6. Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
  • Received:2021-08-20 Revised:2021-08-30 Published:2021-10-25 Online:2021-10-29
  • Contact: LÜ Jun E-mail:lujun@shmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation of China (Major)(17ZDA078);National Natural Science Foundation of China General(71774030);Shanghai Disabled Persons' Federation System Rehabilitation Key Disciplines Construction Project(ZDXK201513905);Health Policy Research Project of Shanghai Health Commission(2020HP21)

摘要:

目的 评价上海市道路交通人行道无障碍建设状况。方法 2019年7月至9月,方便抽样选取上海市46条道路交通人行道,基于《无障碍设计规范(GB 50763-2012)》和《无障碍设施设计标准(DGJ08-103-2003)》研制评价工具,对人行道进行客观查检与主观体验,采用描述性分析方法分析人行道各评价维度及评价内容达标率,采用主成分分析法计算各评价维度客观权重,构建人行道综合障碍得分模型,比较上海市不同区域人行道综合障碍得分。2019年9月至11月,对11例功能障碍者进行深度访谈,了解功能障碍者对人行道障碍的主观评价。结果 人行道无障碍建设总体达标率为4.35%。人行道无障碍评价内容中,93.5%人行道具有缘石坡道,91.3%坡道与车行道之间存在高差,26.1%人行道未铺设盲道,71.7%盲道被电线杆等阻隔,84.8%盲道被障碍物占道。人行道无障碍评价维度中,提示盲道客观权重最大。中心城区人行道障碍程度(高障碍36.7%、中障碍20.0%)高于主城片区(高、中障碍均为6.3%)(P < 0.05)。主观评价显示,人行道使用体验中障碍较多,人行道无障碍设施使用意愿较低。结论 上海市大多数人行道未达到人行道《无障碍设计规范》的标准。人行道无障碍设施建设、维护等需求较为迫切。

关键词: 超大城市, 道路交通人行道, 无障碍建设, 盲道, 上海

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the accessibility construction status of road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai.Methods From July to September, 2019, 46 road traffic sidewalks in Shanghai were selected using a convenience sampling, and evaluation tools were designed based on the Codes for Accessibility Design (GB 50763-2012) and Standards for Design on Accessibility of Buildings and Facilities (DGJ08-103-2003). After field check and experience for the sidewalks, the compliance rates of evaluation dimensions and evaluation contents of sidewalks were analyzed using the descriptive analysis. The weights of each dimension were calculated using the principal component analysis to construct the sidewalk comprehensive barrier score model, and to compare the sidewalk comprehensive barrier scores in different areas of Shanghai. From September to November 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted with eleven persons with disabilities to understand the sidewalk barriers for them.Results The overall compliance rate of sidewalk accessibility was 4.35%. Among the evaluated contents, 93.5% sidewalks had a curb ramp, 91.3% had a height difference between the ramp and the carriageway, 26.1% were not paved with tactile ground surface indicators; 71.7% tactile ground surface indicators were blocked by poles, etc., and 84.8% were occupied by obstacles. The warning indicator was the greatest weight among the evaluated dimensions. The barrier of sidewalks was high (36.7%) and medium (20.0%) in the central area, which was higher than that in the sub-central area (both 6.3%) (P < 0.05). There were many obstacles during the experience of sidewalks using, resulting in less using of the barrier-free facilities.Conclusion Most of the sidewalks in Shanghai do not meet the standards of the Codes for Accessibility Design. It is urgent to construct and maintain the barrier-free facilities.

Key words: mega-city, road traffic sidewalk, barrier-free construction, tactile ground surface indicator, Shanghai

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