青壮年脑卒中患者不良生活方式调查

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查脑卒中青壮年(18~59岁)的生活方式对发病的影响。方法 2020年10月至2021年3月,收集本院脑卒中住院患者268例(患者组)和同期本院门诊体检的健康人363例(对照组)的基本信息(性别、年龄、婚姻情况、文化水平),基于生活方式活动-兴趣-观点(AIO)量表和我国健康促进倡议设计生活方式问卷,调查吸烟、饮酒、睡眠、饮食、运动5个方面的信息,调查患者发病前的生活方式。进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果吸烟频率高(OR = 1.383, P = 0.048)、被动吸烟频率高(OR = 1.511, P < 0.001)、睡眠时间短(OR = 0.582, P = 0.018)、熬夜(OR = 0.400, P < 0.001)、三餐时间不规律(OR = 0.454, P < 0.001)、每周早餐次数少(OR = 0.752, P = 0.012)、油脂摄入多(OR = 0.623, P < 0.001)、烧烤煎炸类食物摄入多(OR = 0.440, P < 0.001)、外卖或餐饮次数多(OR = 0.716, P < 0.001)、每次饮酒量大(OR = 1.502, P < 0.001)、有氧运动频率少(OR = 1.540, P < 0.001)为青壮年脑卒中发病的危险因素。结论不良生活方式影响青壮年脑卒中的发生。

关键词: 脑卒中, 青年, 中年, 生活方式, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the lifestyles for young and middle-aged stroke patients (aged 18 to 59). Methods From October, 2020 to March, 2021, 268 young adult stroke inpatients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and 363 healthy controls for healthy examination were collected the basic information (gender, age, marital status and educational level). The lifestyles were investigated with questionnaire based on Activity-Interest-Opinion (AIO) scale and Health Education and Health Advocacy in China, including 26 items in five dimensions of smoking, drinking, sleep, diet and exercise (before the onset for patients). The lifestyles were compared between the two groups, and analyzed with Logistic regression. Results Frequent smoking (OR = 1.383, P = 0.048), frequent passive smoking (OR = 1.511, P < 0.001), less sleeping time (OR = 0.582, P = 0.018), staying up later (OR = 0.400, P < 0.001), irregular meal time (OR = 0.454, P < 0.001), less weekly breakfast (OR = 0.752, P = 0.012), more oil intake (OR = 0.623, P < 0.001), more barbecue and fried food intake (OR = 0.440, P < 0.001), frequent takeaway or catering (OR = 0.716, P < 0.001), more alcohol consumption (OR = 1.502, P < 0.001) and less aerobic exercise (OR = 1.540, P < 0.001) were the risk factors for stroke in young and middle-aged persons. Conclusion Adverse lifestyle affects the occurrence of stroke in young and middle-aged people.

Key words: stroke, young, middle-aged, lifestyle, risk factors

中图分类号:

R743.3

孙宁,黄富表,叶婷. 青壮年脑卒中患者不良生活方式调查[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(1): 24-31.

SUN Ning,HUANG Fubiao,YE Ting. Lifestyle for young and middle-aged stroke patients: 268 cases investigation[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(1): 24-31.

图/表 4

表1

表2

两组各变量单因素分析结果单位：n"

项目	变量	对照组 (n = 363)	患者组 (n = 268)	χ²值	P值	项目	变量	对照组(n = 363)	患者组(n = 268)	χ²值	P值
吸烟情况						饮食情况
吸烟频率	从不吸烟	284	140	74.534	< 0.001	盐的摄入	清淡	52	60	37.151	< 0.001
	已经戒烟	23	16				一般	227	102
	1~10支/d	26	16				较重	84	106
	> 10~20支/d	20	66			油脂摄入	高脂	71	100	26.499	< 0.001
	> 20支/d	10	30				低脂	41	32
吸烟年数	从不吸烟	283	140	53.959	< 0.001		适中	251	136
	≤ 5年	13	10			三餐时间是否规律	从不或很少规律	25	56	31.045	< 0.001
	> 5~15年	19	34				有时规律	45	42
	> 15~25年	31	38				经常或一直规律	293	170
	> 25年	17	46			早餐频率	每天	254	206	29.714	< 0.001
被动吸烟频率	从不或偶尔	183	60	116.092	< 0.001		5~6次/周	52	8
	1~2次/月	36	8				3~4次/周	26	22
	1~2次/周	50	22				1~2次/周	19	10
	3~5次/周	23	16				从不/很少	12	22
	每天	71	162			夜宵频率	每天	10	8	8.941	0.063
饮酒情况							5~6次/周	6	8
饮酒量/次^-1	从不或很少	221	114	35.178	< 0.001		3~4次/周	12	14
	< 100 g	64	46				1~2次/周	49	54
	100~200 g	47	44				从不/很少	286	184
	> 200 g	31	64
睡眠情况						每天摄入蔬菜300~500 g	很少	37	26	0.218	0.897
睡眠时间/h·d^-1	< 6	70	100	26.812	< 0.001		偶尔	116	82
	6~9	288	162				经常	210	160
	> 9	5	6			平均每天摄	< 200	243	178	1.515	0.469
						入水果/g	200~400	106	84
熬夜	否	260	126	39.315	< 0.001		> 400	14	6
	是	103	142			主食配杂粮情况	经常配有杂粮	89	78	16.792	< 0.001
午睡	否	217	154	0.342	0.559		偶尔配有杂粮	159	84
	是	146	114				很少配有杂粮	94	100
睡眠障碍	从不或很少	194	146	47.055	< 0.001		只食用杂粮	2	0
	有时	116	34				很少食用主食及杂粮	19	6
	经常或一直	53	88			饮食以什么为主	偏蔬菜瓜果	84	36	27.502	< 0.001
运动情况							偏肉类	83	108
有氧运动频率/周^-1 (快走/跑步/骑行/游泳等)	从不/很少	169	110	39.764	< 0.001		偏豆制品/奶制品类	25	24
	1~2	104	46				营养均衡	146	84
	3~5	56	38				其他	25	16
	6~7	34	74			烧烤煎炸类食物摄入	从不	26	76	61.494	< 0.001
无氧运动频率	从不/很少	254	210	7.827	0.050		有时	302	152
(哑铃/弹力带/核心力量	1~2次/月	47	18				经常	35	40
/俯卧撑等)	1~2次/周	29	20			外卖/餐饮频率	每天	20	24	27.106	< 0.001
	3次以上/周	33	20				5~6次/周	29	42
运动频率/ h·d^-1	0~1	256	180	4.899	0.179		3~4次/周	41	50
	> 1~2	81	72				1~2次/周	153	72
	> 2~3	9	10				从不/很少	120	80
	> 3	17	6

表2

表3

表4

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自变量	B	SE	Wald	P值	OR	95%CI
吸烟频率	0.324	0.171	3.600	0.048	1.383	0.989~1.934
吸烟年数	0.087	0.151	0.330	0.566	0.917	0.682~1.233
被动吸烟频率	0.413	0.074	31.128	< 0.001	1.511	1.307~1.746
饮酒量	0.407	0.081	25.201	< 0.001	1.502	1.282~1.761
睡眠时间	-0.542	0.229	5.588	0.018	0.582	0.371~0.912
熬夜	0.916	0.220	17.367	< 0.001	0.400	0.260~0.616
睡眠障碍	0.111	0.105	1.120	0.290	1.117	0.910~1.373
有氧运动频率	0.432	0.100	18.552	< 0.001	1.540	1.265~1.874
盐的摄入	0.211	0.155	1.859	0.173	1.235	0.912~1.672
油脂摄入	0.473	0.114	17.097	< 0.001	0.623	0.498~0.780
三餐时间是否规律	-0.789	0.138	32.778	< 0.001	0.454	0.347~0.595
早餐频率	-0.286	0.114	6.262	0.012	0.752	0.601~0.940
主食配有杂粮情况	-0.083	0.115	0.521	0.470	0.920	0.734~1.153
饮食中以什么为主	-0.059	0.808	0.544	0.461	0.943	0.806~1.103
烧烤煎炸类食物摄入	0.822	0.222	13.652	< 0.001	0.440	0.284~0.680
外卖/餐饮频率	-0.334	0.090	13.845	< 0.001	0.716	0.601~0.854