《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 111-118.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.01.017

• 康复政策与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织健康促进学校的政策架构与核心内容

张萌1,2,3,4,邱卓英2,3,4,5,蔡赓1,2,3(),王国祥1,2,3,杨剑2,3,6,邱服冰2,3,7,郝传萍2,3,8,李安巧2,3,殷荣宾1   

  1. 1.苏州大学体育学院/苏州大学运动康复研究中心,江苏苏州市 215021
    2.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
    3.中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261000
    4.康复大学,山东青岛市 266071
    5.中国康复研究中心/中国康复科学所,北京市 100068
    6.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室,上海市 200241
    7.深圳大学体育部体育与健康科学研究中心,广东深圳市 518060
    8.北京联合大学特殊教育学院,北京市 100075
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-06 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-11
  • 通讯作者: 蔡赓 E-mail:caigeng@xuda.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张萌(1998-),女,汉族,山东济南市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向：健康科学、学校健康、身体活动与健康、体育运动心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY078)

Framework and core contents of World Health Organization and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization health-promoting schools

ZHANG Meng1,2,3,4,QIU Zhuoying2,3,4,5,CAI Geng1,2,3(),WANG Guoxiang1,2,3,YANG Jian2,3,6,QIU Fubing2,3,7,HAO Chuanping2,3,8,LI Anqiao2,3,YIN Rongbin1   

  1. 1. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Research Center of Sport and Exercise Rehabilitation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    2. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
    3. China Academy of ICF, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
    4. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    5. China Rehabilitation Research Center/China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
    6. Key Laboratory of Health Evaluation and Sport Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Sport and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    7. Center of Physical Education, Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
    8. Special Education College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100075, China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Published:2022-01-25 Online:2022-02-11
  • Contact: CAI Geng E-mail:caigeng@xuda.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation of China(19BTY078)

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摘要：

目的 系统研究世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织2021年发布的健康促进学校及健康服务的政策、指南和标准。方法 世界卫生组织2021年发布的健康促进学校相关政策文件包括《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,构建了健康促进学校理论框架。本研究从健康服务体系的视角,对健康促进学校及健康服务的政策、指南和标准进行系统研究;对健康促进学校构成系统对儿童青少年健康的促进作用以及如何将身体活动作为健康促进学校的重要领域进行系统分析。结果 健康促进学校倡议是世界卫生组织健康服务的重要研究领域。《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》主要服务对象包括5~19岁学生、教师以及学校中的其他工作人员。《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》涉及健康促进、健康教育、预防性干预措施、临床评估、健康服务管理等多种活动类型。《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》涉及政策资源、课程与环境、社区参与等方面的8个全球标准和13个具体领域。结论 世界卫生组织和联合国教科文组织提出了建设健康促进学校的相关政策架构,该架构以儿童健康为中心,倡导通过学校促进儿童青少年健康、公共卫生、教育、社会和经济发展,达到保障儿童青少年健康权利、满足健康需求的目标。健康促进学校建设过程中,要落实《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的实施指南》的要求;在发展学校健康服务的过程中,要遵循《世界卫生组织关于学校健康服务指南》和《将每所学校建成健康促进学校的全球标准和指标》,将教育和体育手段纳入学校健康服务体系中。

关键词: 儿童青少年, 健康, 健康促进学校, 政策架构, 内容分析

Abstract:

Objective To systematically research the policies and core contents of World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) documents on policies, guidelines and standards for health-promoting schools and health services. Methods These policy documents included Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines, WHO Guidelines on School Health Services, and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, which construct a conceptual and policies framework for health-promoting schools. In perspective of health service system, this study systematically explored the policies, guidelines and standards of WHO and UNESCO on health-promoting schools and health services, as well as the role of health-promoting school component systems in promoting the health of children and how physical activity can be an important area of health-promoting schools. Results The Health Promoting Schools Initiative is an important area of research for the WHO health services. Making Every School a Health-promoting School: Implementation Guidelines primarily serves students aged five to 19, teachers and other staff in schools. WHO Guidelines on School Health Services cover a variety of activity types including health promotion, health education, preventive interventions, clinical assessment and health services management. Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators covers eight global criteria and thirteen specific areas in the areas of policy resources, curriculum and environment, and community engagement. Conclusion WHO and UNESCO have proposed a series of policies related to building health-promoting schools, which focus on child health and advocate the promotion of child and adolescent health, public health, education, social and economic development through schools to achieve the goal of safeguarding the health rights of children and adolescents and meeting health needs. Following the WHO Guidelines on School Health Services and Making Every School a Health Promoting School Global Standards and Indicators, it proposed to incorporate educational and physical education tools into the school health service system.

Key words: children and adolescents, health, health promoting schools, policy framework, content analysis

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