《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 1169-1177.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.10.007
收稿日期:
2021-11-26
修回日期:
2022-08-24
出版日期:
2022-10-25
发布日期:
2022-11-08
通讯作者:
刘卉
E-mail:liuhuibupe@163.com
作者简介:
李欣欣(1999-),女,汉族,安徽淮南市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:运动生物力学。|刘卉(1972-),女,汉族,天津市人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向:运动生物力学。
LI Xinxin1a,LIU Hui1b(),MA Mujia1a
Received:
2021-11-26
Revised:
2022-08-24
Published:
2022-10-25
Online:
2022-11-08
Contact:
LIU Hui
E-mail:liuhuibupe@163.com
摘要:
目的 系统评价太极拳练习对降低老年人跌倒发生率、提高平衡能力和减少跌倒恐惧感的效果是否优于其他运动干预。
方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库中太极拳练习干预老年人跌倒相关的文献,检索时限均为建库至2021年9月。由两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。
结果 共纳入12篇随机对照试验,包括1 345例健康老年人。太极拳练习后跌倒发生率低于其他运动干预(RR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.42~0.68, P < 0.001)。关于跌倒危险因素的相关指标,太极拳练习者单腿站立时间(MD = 9.57, 95%CI 6.19~ 12.94, P < 0.001)、功能性伸展距离(MD = 2.16, 95%CI 1.31~3.01, P < 0.001)均优于其他运动干预。而太极拳练习对跌倒恐惧感、计时“起立-行走”测试时间的改善与其他运动干预方式相比无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。
结论 太极拳练习在降低老年人跌倒率、提高静态平衡能力方面比其他运动干预方式更有优势,但没有足够的证据表明太极拳练习更能减少跌倒恐惧感,提高动态平衡能力。
中图分类号:
李欣欣,刘卉,马沐佳. 太极拳与其他运动降低老年人跌倒风险的Meta分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2022, 28(10): 1169-1177.
LI Xinxin,LIU Hui,MA Mujia. Reduction of risk of fall for aging adults participating in Tai Chi and other exercises: a meta-analysis[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2022, 28(10): 1169-1177.
表1
纳入文献的基本特征"
纳入研究 | 国家 | 组别 | 年龄/岁 | n(女性) | 干预措施 | 干预时间 | 干预频率 | 随访 时间 | 结局 指标 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Son等[ | 韩国 | 对照组 | 71.5±3.6 | 24(24) | 奥塔戈(平衡再训练和下肢力量训练) | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 6个月 | SLS、TUG、FR |
试验组 | 72.8±4.7 | 21(21) | 21式改良孙式太极拳 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 6个月 | |||
Li等[ | 美国 | 对照组 | 77.4±4.95 | 131 | 拉伸控制训练 | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 6个月 | 跌倒发生 |
试验组 | 77.4±4.95 | 125 | 杨式太极拳24式 | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 6个月 | |||
Wolf等[ | 美国 | 对照组 | 76.3±75.1 | 64(49) | 计算机平衡训练 | 15周 | 每次45 min,每周1次 | 4个月 | 跌倒发生 |
试验组 | 76.9±74.8 | 72(58) | 太极拳 | 15周 | 每次45 min,每周2次 | 4个月 | |||
Kim等[ | 韩国 | 对照组 | 71.2±3.6 | 23(23) | 跆拳道 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 12周 | SLS、FR、TUG |
试验组 | 70.4±4.5 | 23(23) | 21式改良孙式太极拳 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 12周 | |||
Li等[ | 美国 | 对照组 | 77.4±4.95 | 131 | 拉伸控制训练 | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 6个月 | FES-I |
试验组 | 77.4±4.95 | 125 | 杨式太极拳24式 | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 6个月 | |||
Yildirim等[ | 土耳其 | 对照组 | 64.4±7.5 | 30(26) | 联合运动处方(步行、下肢肌肉力量和拉伸锻炼) | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 12周 | TUG |
试验组 | 62.9±6.5 | 30(27) | 杨式太极拳12式 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 12周 | |||
Pluchino等[ | 美国 | 对照组1 | 76.00±7.74 | 14(9) | 标准化平衡练习计划 | 8周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 8周 | FES、FR、TUG、SLS |
对照组2 | 70.72±8.46 | 12(8) | Wii Fit游戏(瑜伽、力量训练、有氧运动和平衡游戏) | 8周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 8周 | |||
试验组 | 69.28±6.03 | 14(8) | 孙式太极拳 | 8周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 8周 | |||
Ni等[ | 美国 | 对照组1 | 77.80±7.78 | 15(13) | 标准平衡项目 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 3个月 | SLS、FR |
对照组2 | 73.23±5.09 | 13(10) | 瑜伽 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 3个月 | |||
试验组 | 70.27±5.69 | 11(9) | 陈式太极拳 | 12周 | 每次60 min,每周2次 | 3个月 | |||
Hwang等[ | 中国 | 对照组 | 72.7±8.1 | 175(151) | 下肢训练(拉伸、肌肉强化和平衡训练) | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周1次 | 12个月 | 跌倒发生、FES-I |
试验组 | 72.0±8.1 | 182(153) | 杨式太极拳18式 | 6个月 | 每次60 min,每周1次 | 12个月 | |||
Zhao等[ | 中国 | 对照组 | 68.8±3.0 | 20(13) | 平衡改善练习计划 | 16周 | 每次90 min,每周3次 | 24周 | FES-I |
试验组 | 70.2±3.9 | 20(14) | 杨式太极拳8式 | 16周 | 每次90 min,每周3次 | 24周 | |||
Zhao等[ | 中国 | 对照组 | 68.8±3.0 | 20(13) | 平衡改善练习计划 | 16周 | 每次90 min,每周3次 | 24周 | TUG |
试验组 | 70.2±3.9 | 20(14) | 杨式太极拳8式 | 16周 | 每次90 min,每周3次 | 24周 | |||
Li[ | 美国 | 对照组 | 76.20±6.3 | 15(12) | 伸展控制训练 | 24周 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 24周 | 跌倒发生、TUG |
试验组 | 76.13±6.2 | 15(9) | 太极拳 | 24周 | 每次60 min,每周3次 | 24周 |
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