《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1309-1317.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.11.010

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ICF-CY孤独症儿童青少年参与身体活动功能效果的系统综述

宋贝贝1,王筠婷1,王冬明2,柏开祥1()   

  1. 1.武汉体育学院运动医学院，湖北武汉市 430079
    2.淮安市妇幼保健院，江苏淮安市 223002
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-07 修回日期:2022-11-09 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 柏开祥 E-mail:347973428@qq.com
  • 作者简介:宋贝贝(1999-)，女，汉族，山东枣庄市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：特殊儿童、ICF、身体活动、运动促进、康复科学。|柏开祥(1967-)，男，汉族，湖北钟祥市人，博士，教授，主要研究方向：特殊儿童青少年体育与健康、运动促进、ICF、康复生物力学。
  • 基金资助:
    1.科技部重点计划项目(2018YFF0300400);2.教育部中国教育学会重点专项课题(16TY1713011ZA)

Functional effects of physical activity on children and adolescents with autism based on ICF-CY: a systematic review

SONG Beibei1,WANG Yunting1,WANG Dongming2,BAI Kaixiang1()   

  1. 1. School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
    2. Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
  • Received:2022-11-07 Revised:2022-11-09 Published:2022-11-25 Online:2022-12-20
  • Contact: BAI Kaixiang E-mail:347973428@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Ministry of Science and Technology Key Program(2018YFF0300400);Chinese Academy of Education Key Special Project(16TY1713011ZA)

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摘要：

目的 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的理论与方法，建立孤独症儿童青少年身体活动的范畴和结构，对孤独症儿童青少年的参与身体活动的功能效果文献进行系统综述。

方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO数据库，筛选2016年至2022年公开发表的孤独症儿童青少年身体活动干预及其健康结局的随机对照试验，进行系统综述。

结果 纳入文献13篇，来自7个国家，涉及437例参与者(3~13岁)，主要来源于医学、公共卫生、孤独症、体育活动等相关领域期刊，发表日期集中于2018年至2022年。有益于孤独症儿童青少年的身体活动类型涉及体适能类、技能类和运动项目类，包括体育活动、娱乐和休闲活动、运动训练、学校体育课程和康复训练等。活动每次30~90 min，每周1~3次，持续6周~10个月，中高强度。身体活动对健康的益处有两个方面：在身体功能方面，身体活动改善恐惧或焦虑、执行功能、抑制功能、工作记忆、认知灵活性、社会认知水平、平衡性、灵活性、握力；在活动和参与方面，身体活动增强了人际互动、沟通、社会技能、生活质量、幸福感、社会支持、运动自我效能感、参与各种休闲和体育活动，以及活动和参与水平的移动范围。

结论 孤独症儿童青少年主要功能障碍表现为身体功能、活动和参与以及生活质量和福祉层面。身体活动对孤独症儿童的健康效益表现在身体功能和结构、活动和参与方面：在身体功能与结构方面，有助于改善精神功能(情绪反应、恐惧或焦虑；执行功能，包括抑制、工作记忆、认知灵活性等)；提高神经、肌肉、骨骼和运动有关的功能(平衡性、灵活性、柔韧性等)；有助于引起执行控制网络功能连接的可塑性改变。在活动与参与方面，有助于提升运动技能，促进人际交往和人际关系(改善社交互动和沟通技巧等)。

关键词: 孤独症, 儿童, 青少年, 身体活动, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版), 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To establish the category and structure of sports activities of autistic children and adolescents, and systematically review the functioning effects of physical activity on autistic children and adolescents, using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY).

Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the the health benefits of physical activity interventions for autistic children and adolescents were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases, from 2016 to 2022, and screened and reviewed.

Results A total of 13 RCT from seven countries were included finally, involving 437 participants (aged 3 to 13 years). The main sources were journals in fields of medicine, public health, autism, sports and other fields, published from 2018 to 2022. The types of physical activities that benefit children and adolescents with autism include physical fitness, skills and sports programs, including physical activity in daily life, recreational and leisure activities, sports training, school physical education programs and exercise rehabilitation; 30 to 90 minutes a time, one to three times a week, for six weeks to ten months, medium to high intensity. Physical activity might promote the functional recovery for autistic children and adolescents. For body function of emotional response, physical activity improved fear or anxiety, executive function, inhibition function, working memory, cognitive flexibility, social cognitive level, balance, flexibility, grip strength. For activities and participation of interaction, physical activity enhanced interpersonal interaction, communication, social skills, quality of life, well-being, social support, motor self-efficacy, participation in various leisure and sports activities, and range of mobility at level of activity and participation.

Conclusion The main disabilities of children and adolescents with autism manifest in dimensions of body function, activity and participation, and quality of life and well-being. The benefits of physical activity on children and adolescents with autism manifest the improvement of physical function, activity and participation, specifically motor skills, social communication and interaction, language skills, balance and coordination, control, attention, and executive function, as well as quality of life, social participation, self-efficacy and well-being.

Key words: autism, children, adolescents, physical activity, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version, systematic review

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