《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1296-1303.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.00.003

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

肌少症老年人运动康复的健康效益：系统综述的系统综述

乔虎军1,2, 郝鑫2, 刘晓燕3(), 王国祥1,4()   

  1. 1.苏州大学体育学院/运动康复研究中心，江苏苏州市 215021
    2.长治学院，山西长治市 046000
    3.北京世纪坛医院，北京市 100038
    4.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心，北京市100068
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11 修回日期:2023-10-11 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓燕(1976-)，女，汉族，北京市人，主治医师，主要研究方向：感染病防治与健康促进。E-mail： liuxiaoyan2207@bjsjth.cn；王国祥(1963-)，男，汉族，辽宁喀左县人，教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向：ICF、运动康复和康复体育。E-mail： kwang63@163.com
  • 作者简介:乔虎军(1986-)，男，汉族，山西临汾市人，博士研究生，主要研究方向：运动康复与健康促进。

Health benefits of exercise rehabilitation in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review of systematic reviews

QIAO Hujun1,2, HAO Xin2, LIU Xiaoyan3(), WANG Guoxiang1,4()   

  1. 1. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences/Exercise Rehabilitation Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
    2. Changzhi University, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
    3. Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100038, China
    4. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
  • Received:2023-09-11 Revised:2023-10-11 Published:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-30
  • Contact: LIU Xiaoyan, E-mail: liuxiaoyan2207@bjsjth.cn;WANG Guoxiang, E-mail: kwang63@163.com

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摘要：

目的 分析肌少症老年人疾病与功能特点、主要运动康复干预方案及其健康效益。

方法 检索2013年至2023年PubMed、Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library和中国知网关于肌少症老年人参与运动康复健康效益的系统综述，对检索文献进行质量评价，运用ICD-11和ICF分类体系，根据PRISMA推荐的PICO架构报告各系统综述的人群疾病与功能、运动康复干预及其健康效益。

结果 最终纳入7篇英文系统综述，分别来自荷兰、西班牙、中国、巴西和墨西哥5个国家，共涉及98项相关随机对照试验，包括19 794例参与者。研究涉及老龄化、康复、营养、公共卫生、身体锻炼等领域，发表时间为2018年至2023年。肌少症运动康复干预有3种方式：运动康复、运动康复结合补充营养和运动康复结合护理。运动康复干预主要包括有氧训练、抗阻运动、步态训练、力量训练、平衡和柔韧性训练。干预频率为每次6~150 min，每周1~5次；干预强度为低至高等；干预持续6~144周。运动康复对肌少症老年人的健康效益主要体现在两个方面：改善身体功能与结构，提升活动和参与。在身体功能与结构方面，有助于改善肌力、肌肉控制和协调、步态功能、平衡功能、腿部伸展、腿举、背部力量以及握力，提高肌肉质量；在活动和参与方面，能够显著改善身体活动表现，如步行速度和5次坐立测试时间。

结论 肌少症老年人采用的运动康复干预主要分为运动康复、运动康复结合补充营养和运动康复结合护理。运动康复可以改善肌少症老年人身体功能与结构，提升活动和参与。

关键词: 老年人, 肌少症, 运动康复, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the disease and functioning characteristics of older adults with sarcopenia, the main exercise rehabilitation interventions, and its health benefits.

Methods Literature related to exercise rehabilitation for older adults with sarcopenia was searched in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and CNKI, from 2013 to 2023. The quality of included systematic reviews were evaluated. ICD-11 and ICF classification systems, and PICO framework from PRISMA guideline were used to report characteristics of the disease and functioning of the population, the exercise rehabilitation interventions, and its health benefits.

Results Finally, seven systematic reviews from Netherlands, Spain, China, Brazil and Mexico were included, covering 98 related randomized controlled trials, involving 19 794 participants. These systematic reviews mainly came from the journals in the fields of aging, rehabilitation, nutrition, public health and physical exercise, and were published between 2018 and 2023. Exercise rehabilitation for sarcopenia were categorized into three types: exercise rehabilitation, exercise rehabilitation combined with nutritional supplementation, and exercise rehabilitation combined with nursing care. Interventions primarily included aerobic training, resistance training, gait training, strength training, and balance and flexibility exercises. The intervention frequency was six to 150 minutes, one to five times a week, with intensities ranging from low to high, over a duration of six to 144 weeks. The health benefits for older adults with sarcopenia from exercise rehabilitation were reflected in improvement in physical function and structure, and enhancement in activity and participation. In terms of body function and structure, exercise rehabilitation improved muscle strength, control, coordination, gait, balance, leg extension, leg press, back strength and grip strength, and increased muscle quality. In terms of activity and participation, exercise rehabilitation improved physical activity performance, such as walking speed and time of five-repetition chair stand test.

Conclusion Exercise rehabilitation for sarcopenia includes exercise rehabilitation, exercise rehabilitation combined with nutritional supplementation, and exercise rehabilitation combined with nursing care. Exercise rehabilitation can improve the physical function and structure, and enhance activity and participation.

Key words: elderly, sarcopenia, exercise rehabilitation, systematic review

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