残奥项目肢体残疾运动员距离视知觉及其影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.03.013

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 335-339.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.03.013

残奥项目肢体残疾运动员距离视知觉及其影响因素研究

田俊夫¹, 蔡玉军², 杨剑¹()

1.华东师范大学体育与健康学院，上海市200241
2.上海体育学院教务处，上海市200438

收稿日期:2023-03-06 修回日期:2023-03-13 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-14
通讯作者: 杨剑 E-mail:yangjianxz@sina.com
作者简介:田俊夫(1995-)，男，满族，辽宁葫芦岛市人，博士研究生，主要研究方向：残疾研究、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划"科技冬奥"重点专项课题(2018YFF0300602)

Visual perception and its related factors of distance for Paralympic athletes with physical disabilities

TIAN Junfu¹, CAI Yujun², YANG Jian¹()

1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2. Academic Affairs Office, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China

Received:2023-03-06 Revised:2023-03-13 Published:2023-03-25 Online:2023-04-14
Contact: YANG Jian E-mail:yangjianxz@sina.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Project of China "Science and Technology Winter Olympics"(2018YFF0300602)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察姿势和运动项目经验对下肢残疾残奥运动员距离视知觉的影响。

方法 2019年5月至8月，选取上海市轮椅竞速队运动员19例和轮椅击剑队运动员16例，完成连续等分距离和盲走任务，测试其相对距离知觉与绝对距离知觉。

结果运动项目与姿势的交互作用效应显著(F = 4.118, P < 0.05)；运动项目与距离判断的交互作用效应非常显著(F = 8.913, P < 0.01)；姿势与距离判断的交互作用效应非常显著(F = 11.894, P < 0.01)；运动项目主效应非常显著(F = 7.467, P < 0.01)；姿势主效应非常显著(F = 11.918, P < 0.01)；轮椅击剑显著优于轮椅竞速(P < 0.01)，站姿优于坐姿(P < 0.01)。

结论平时采用站姿的运动员、轮椅击剑运动员的相对距离判断准确性较优。在绝对距离判断准确性上，不同姿势和运动项目没有显著性差异。

关键词: 运动经验, 距离知觉, 定势偏差, 轮椅竞速, 轮椅击剑

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the impact of posture and sports experience on distance perception in Paralympic athletes with lower limbs disabilities.

Methods From May to August, 2019, athletes were selected from the wheelchair racing team (n = 19) and the wheelchair fencing team (n = 16) in Shanghai, China. The athletes were tested the relative distance perception and absolute distance perception using the successive equal-appearing distance and blind walking tasks.

Results The interaction effects between sport and posture (F = 4.118, P < 0.05), sports events and distance judgment (F = 8.913, P < 0.01), and posture and distance judgment (F = 11.894, P < 0.01) were significant; while the main effects of sport (F = 7.467, P < 0.01) and posture (F = 11.918, P < 0.01) were significant; the relative distance judgment accuracy was better in the athletes of wheelchair fencing than in those of wheelchair racing, and in standing posture than those in sitting posture.

Conclusion The relative distance judgment accuracy is better for the Paralympic athletes standing and playing wheelchair fencers. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of absolute distance judgment between the different postures and the different sports.

Key words: sports experience, distance perception, intrinsic bias, wheelchair racing, wheelchair fencing

中图分类号:

田俊夫, 蔡玉军, 杨剑. 残奥项目肢体残疾运动员距离视知觉及其影响因素研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(3): 335-339.

TIAN Junfu, CAI Yujun, YANG Jian. Visual perception and its related factors of distance for Paralympic athletes with physical disabilities[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(3): 335-339.

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参考文献 33

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运动项目	姿势	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	视野高/cm
轮椅竞速	坐姿	12	8/4	25.6±6.5	118.0±4.6
轮椅竞速	站姿	7	6/1	20.9±3.2	155.1±4.7
轮椅击剑	坐姿	7	3/4	28.0±3.6	117.6±5.8
轮椅击剑	站姿	9	4/5	24.1±4.1	165.3±6.0

源	III类平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
运动项目×姿势×距离判断	22.715	1	22.715	0.086	0.770
运动项目×姿势	1086.462	1	1086.462	4.118	0.047
运动项目×距离判断	2351.66	1	2351.660	8.913	0.004
姿势×距离判断	3138.037	1	3138.037	11.894	0.001
运动项目	1970.175	1	1970.175	7.467	0.008
姿势	3144.522	1	3144.522	11.918	0.001
距离判断	128.8	1	128.800	0.488	0.487
修正模型	15305.118a	7	2186.445	8.287	< 0.001
截距	125028.573	1	125028.573	473.875	< 0.001
误差	16358.247	62	263.843
总计	174522.526	70
修正后总计	31663.365	69

自变量	I	J	I-J	SE	P值	95%CI
运动项目	轮椅击剑	轮椅竞速	-10.874	3.979	0.008	-18.829~-2.920
姿势	坐姿	站姿	13.738	3.979	0.001	5.783~21.693
距离判断	相对距离判断	绝对距离判断	-2.780	3.979	0.487	-10.735~5.174

残奥项目肢体残疾运动员距离视知觉及其影响因素研究

Visual perception and its related factors of distance for Paralympic athletes with physical disabilities

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参考文献 33

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运动项目	姿势	距离判断	n	距离/cm	运动项目	姿势	距离判断	n	距离/cm	运动项目	姿势	距离判断	n	距离/cm
轮椅	坐姿	绝对	7	38.98±13.42	轮椅	坐姿	绝对	12	44.88±12.39	总计	坐姿	绝对	19	42.71±12.74
击剑		相对	7	42.44±23.80	竞速		相对	12	74.43±24.57			相对	19	62.64±28.45
		合计	14	40.71±18.65			合计	24	59.66±24.29			合计	38	52.68±23.97
	站姿	绝对	9	45.87±9.96		站姿	绝对	7	37.96±9.86		站姿	绝对	16	42.41±10.40
		相对	9	24.22±8.23			相对	7	37.73±16.50			相对	16	30.13±13.89
		合计	18	35.04±14.24			合计	14	37.84±13.06			合计	32	36.27±13.59
	总计	绝对	16	42.86±11.72		总计	绝对	19	42.33±11.74		总计	绝对	35	42.57±11.56
		相对	16	32.19±18.70			相对	19	60.91±28.12			相对	35	47.78±27.99
		合计	32	37.52±16.28			合计	38	51.62±23.24			合计	70	45.18±21.42

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