肢体残疾人自我效能感、照顾质量与生活质量的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.03.014

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 340-348.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.03.014

肢体残疾人自我效能感、照顾质量与生活质量的关系

王梓彤¹, 马松翠², 徐丽丽³, 马瑞¹, 孙旭¹, 程梅¹()

1.滨州医学院护理学院，山东烟台市 264003
2.烟台毓璜顶医院，山东烟台市 264000
3.滨州医学院烟台附属医院，山东烟台市 264100

收稿日期:2022-11-19 修回日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-14
通讯作者: 程梅 E-mail:chm790217@126.com
作者简介:王梓彤(1997-)，女，汉族，山东桓台县人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：慢病护理，康复护理。
马松翠(1979-)，女，汉族，山东烟台市人，主管护师，主要研究方向：临床护理。
第一联系人：
王梓彤和马松翠为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
1.山东省社会科学规划研究项目(19CGLJ01);2.滨州医学院护理学院研究生科研创新支持计划项目(HYCX2021-009)

Relationship among self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life for people with physical disabilities

WANG Zitong¹, MA Songcui², XU Lili³, MA Rui¹, SUN Xu¹, CHENG Mei¹()

1. School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
2. Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
3. Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, China

Received:2022-11-19 Revised:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-25 Online:2023-04-14
Contact: CHENG Mei E-mail:chm790217@126.com
Supported by:
Shandong Social Science Planning Research Program(19CGLJ01);Binzhou Medical University School of Nursing Research Plan for Postgraduate(HYCX2021-009)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨肢体残疾人自我效能感、照顾质量和生活质量的现状及三者间关系。

方法 2019年1月至2020年12月，整群分层随机抽样选取山东省357例肢体残疾人，采用一般资料调查表、世界卫生组织残疾人生活质量量表、自我效能感量表、世界卫生组织残疾人照顾质量量表进行网络问卷调查。

结果共回收调查问卷357份，其中有效问卷350份。肢体残疾人的生活质量为(115.00±20.70)分，自我效能感(23.33±5.78)分，照顾质量(50.43±10.56)分。肢体残疾人的生活质量及其各领域均与自我效能感呈正相关(r > 0.282, P < 0.01)，与照顾质量、照顾信息的获得、照顾的给予和照顾的环境维度呈正相关(r > 0.369, P < 0.01)。就业情况、自我效能感和照顾质量总分是肢体残疾人生活质量的影响因素(t > 4.386, P < 0.001)；就业情况、自我效能感、照顾的给予和照顾的环境是生活质量生理领域、心理领域和环境领域的影响因素(t > 2.926, P < 0.01)；主要照顾者为父母、就业情况、自我效能感、照顾的给予和照顾的环境是生活质量社会关系领域的影响因素(|t| > 2.525, P < 0.05)；主要照顾者为父母、就业情况、照顾的给予和照顾的环境是生活质量残疾领域的影响因素(|t| > 2.209, P < 0.05)。

结论肢体残疾人生活质量有待提高。自我效能感和照顾质量与生活质量密切相关；应重点关注未就业、主要照顾者为父母的肢体残疾人。

关键词: 肢体残疾人, 自我效能感, 照顾质量, 生活质量

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life of people with physical disabilities, and analyze the relationship among them.

Methods From January, 2019 to December, 2020, 357 people with physical disabilities in Shandong were selected with cluster stratified random sampling, and all the participants were investigated with a general questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Disability Scales, General Self-Efficacy Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Care and Support Scale-Disability Scale on internet.

Results A total of 357 questionnaires were collected, in which 350 were valid. The total score was (115.00±20.70) for quality of life, (23.33±5.78) for self-efficacy, and (50.43±10.56) for quality of care. The quality of life and its each domain was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r > 0.282, P < 0.01), quality of care, care information acquisition, care giving and care environment (r > 0.369, P < 0.01). Employment, self-efficacy and quality of care associated with the quality of life (t> 4.386, P < 0.001); employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with the physiological, psychological and environment domains of the quality of life (t > 2.926, P < 0.01); parents as main caregivers, employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with social relationships domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.525, P < 0.05); parents as main caregivers, employment, care giving and care environment associated with the disability domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.209, P < 0.05).

Conclusion The quality of life needs to be improved for the people with physical disabilities. Self-efficacy and quality of care may impact the quality of life; and it is needed to focus on the people with physical disabilities who are unemployed and whose parents are the main caregivers.

Key words: people with physical disabilities, self-efficacy, quality of care, quality of life

中图分类号:

王梓彤, 马松翠, 徐丽丽, 马瑞, 孙旭, 程梅. 肢体残疾人自我效能感、照顾质量与生活质量的关系[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(3): 340-348.

WANG Zitong, MA Songcui, XU Lili, MA Rui, SUN Xu, CHENG Mei. Relationship among self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life for people with physical disabilities[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(3): 340-348.

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自变量	赋值
婚姻状况	已婚为参照，已婚(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 0)；未婚(Z₁= 1, Z₂= 0)；离异(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 1)
子女情况	无 = 1，有 = 2
主要照顾者	自己独立生活为参照，自己独立生活(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 0)；丈夫或妻子(Z₁= 1, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 0)；父母(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 1, Z₃= 0)；子女(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 1)
就业情况	否 =1，是 = 2
工作类型	以农民为参照，农民(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 0)；工人(Z₁= 1, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 0)；公务员或公职人员(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 1, Z₃= 0)；自由职业者(Z₁= 0, Z₂= 0, Z₃= 1)
医疗保险	有 = 1，无 = 2
养老保险	有 = 1，无 = 2
自我效能感	数值变量
照顾质量及各维度	数值变量

项目	评分	条目均分
生活质量	115.00±20.70	2.95±0.53
生理领域	21.51±4.06	3.07±0.58
心理领域	19.02±4.24	3.17±0.71
社会关系领域	9.18±2.39	3.06±0.80
环境领域	24.77±5.57	3.10±0.70
残疾领域	40.52±7.38	3.12±0.57
自我效能感	23.33±5.78	2.33±0.58
照顾质量	50.43±10.56	2.97±0.62
照顾的给予	12.29±3.59	3.07±0.90
照顾的可及性	10.40±3.07	2.60±0.77
照顾的环境	15.67±4.08	3.13±0.82
照顾信息的获得	12.07±3.38	3.02±0.84

项目	n	生活质量总分	t/F值	P值
婚姻状况			12.827	< 0.001
未婚	110	107.72±18.95
已婚	222	119.12±20.49
离异	18	108.78±20.76
子女情况			-5.062	< 0.001
无	125	107.99±18.34
有	225	118.90±20.94
主要照顾者			9.700	< 0.001
丈夫或妻子	181	119.39±20.31
父母	108	106.62±20.33
子女	24	119.71±19.07
自己独立生活	37	114.97±17.56
就业情况			-6.743	< 0.001
否	212	109.32±19.35
是	138	123.74±19.69
工作类型			4.034	0.008
工人	27	119.74±19.56
公务员或公职人员	3	131.67±25.93
农民	286	113.30±20.25
自由职业者	34	124.06±22.23
医疗保险			2.687	0.008
有	274	116.55±20.70
无	76	109.41±19.83
养老保险			3.025	0.003
有	172	118.38±22.19
无	178	111.74±18.63

变量	自我效能感	照顾质量总分	照顾信息的获得	照顾的给予	照顾的可及性	照顾的环境
生活质量总分	0.376^a	0.606^a	0.558^a	0.544^a	-0.058	0.670^a
生理领域	0.291^a	0.417^a	0.369^a	0.388^a	-0.036	0.459^a
心理领域	0.400^a	0.546^a	0.502^a	0.498^a	-0.009	0.566^a
社会关系领域	0.365^a	0.570^a	0.512^a	0.480^a	0.007	0.622^a
环境领域	0.352^a	0.609^a	0.562^a	0.542^a	-0.056	0.676^a
残疾领域	0.282^a	0.512^a	0.483^a	0.462^a	-0.097	0.590^a

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	34.989	8.317	—	4.207	< 0.001
婚姻状况
未婚	-3.540	3.337	-0.080	-1.061	0.290
离异	0.678	4.140	0.007	0.164	0.870
子女情况	0.791	2.763	0.018	0.286	0.775
主要照顾者
丈夫或妻子	-0.063	3.123	-0.002	-0.020	0.984
父母	-5.120	3.044	-0.114	-1.682	0.093
子女	0.626	4.186	0.008	0.150	0.881
就业情况	9.673	2.205	0.229	4.386	< 0.001
工作类型
工人	-2.024	3.411	-0.026	-0.593	0.553
公务员或公职人员	2.196	8.884	0.010	0.247	0.805
自由职业者	-2.896	3.144	-0.041	-0.921	0.358
医疗保险	-1.839	2.097	-0.037	-0.877	0.381
养老保险	2.667	1.847	0.065	1.444	0.150
自我效能感	0.754	0.149	0.211	5.054	< 0.001
照顾质量总分	0.970	0.084	0.495	11.604	< 0.001

肢体残疾人自我效能感、照顾质量与生活质量的关系

Relationship among self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life for people with physical disabilities

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步骤	生理领域	心理领域	社会关系领域	环境领域	残疾领域
1	0.113	0.121	0.161	0.138	0.169
2	0.190	0.259	0.285	0.249	0.233
3	0.319	0.458	0.516	0.551	0.455
4	0.304	0.448	0.503	0.543	0.431

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	8.581	1.282	—	6.693	< 0.001
就业情况	1.873	0.385	0.226	4.870	< 0.001
养老保险	0.619	0.378	0.076	1.638	0.102
自我效能感	0.115	0.033	0.164	3.436	0.001
照顾的给予	0.196	0.064	0.174	3.083	0.002
照顾的环境	0.274	0.059	0.276	4.683	< 0.001

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	3.988	0.951	—	4.193	< 0.001
就业情况	1.573	0.354	0.182	4.440	< 0.001
自我效能感	0.177	0.032	0.241	5.581	< 0.001
照顾信息的获得	0.089	0.079	0.071	1.125	0.262
照顾的给予	0.272	0.060	0.231	4.518	< 0.001
照顾的环境	0.274	0.067	0.264	4.079	< 0.001

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	1.337	0.589	—	2.270	0.024
主要照顾者
丈夫或妻子	-0.008	0.310	-0.002	-0.026	0.980
父母	-0.835	0.331	-0.161	-2.525	0.012
子女	-0.328	0.449	-0.035	-0.731	0.465
就业情况	0.809	0.202	0.165	4.011	< 0.001
自我效能感	0.083	0.017	0.200	4.940	< 0.001
照顾的给予	0.100	0.032	0.150	3.149	0.002
照顾的环境	0.245	0.029	0.418	8.367	< 0.001

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	5.452	1.314	—	4.150	< 0.001
主要照顾者
丈夫或妻子	0.551	0.692	0.050	0.797	0.426
父母	-0.906	0.737	-0.075	-1.229	0.220
子女	0.961	1.001	0.044	0.960	0.338
就业情况	1.316	0.450	0.116	2.926	0.004
自我效能感	0.159	0.037	0.165	4.233	< 0.001
照顾的给予	0.313	0.071	0.202	4.417	< 0.001
照顾的环境	0.630	0.065	0.462	9.645	< 0.001

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
常数项	22.560	1.809	—	12.469	< 0.001
婚姻状况
未婚	-1.327	1.021	-0.084	-1.300	0.194
离异	-0.772	1.535	-0.023	-0.503	0.615
主要照顾者
丈夫或妻子	-1.328	1.140	-0.090	-1.165	0.245
父母	-2.512	1.137	-0.157	-2.209	0.028
子女	-0.545	1.540	-0.019	-0.354	0.724
就业情况	2.436	0.670	0.161	3.633	< 0.001
照顾的给予	0.306	0.105	0.149	2.915	0.004
照顾的环境	0.814	0.093	0.450	8.762	< 0.001

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