中国辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度研究：基于快速辅助技术评估数据

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.04.001

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 373-380.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.04.001

中国辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度研究：基于快速辅助技术评估数据

闫媚¹, 江华²(), 董理权¹, 柳博飞¹, 贺炜洁¹, 吴小高¹, 郭智洋²

1.中国残疾人辅助器具中心，北京市 100050
2.首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院，北京市 100070

收稿日期:2022-12-23 修回日期:2023-04-21 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-05-19
通讯作者: 江华，男，博士、副教授、博士生导师。E-mail： jxtjj@126.com
作者简介:闫媚(1981-)，女，汉族，广西全州县人，硕士，副研究员，主要研究方向：辅助技术和保障政策研究。
基金资助:
1.北京市教委重点项目(SZ202010038022);2.国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC2002600)

Demand, supply and satisfaction of assistive technology in China based on rapid Assistive Technology Assessment data

YAN Mei¹, JIANG Hua²(), DONG Liquan¹, LIU Bofei¹, HE Weijie¹, WU Xiaogao¹, GUO Zhiyang²

1. China Assistive Devices and Technology Center for Persons with Disabilities, Beijing 100050, China
2. School of Labor Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China

Received:2022-12-23 Revised:2023-04-21 Published:2023-04-25 Online:2023-05-19
Contact: JIANG Hua, E-mail: jxtjj@126.com
Supported by:
R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(SZ202010038022);National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2002600)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解中国人辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度。
方法采用世界卫生组织快速辅助技术评估(rATA)问卷在中国6个省市的抽样调查数据，从辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度3个方面进行分析。
结果从抽样调查数据中获得15 234份有效问卷。辅助技术需求方面，在不同功能障碍类别中，视力障碍占比最高，清单内对眼镜(低视力、近视、远视等)和手杖(单脚、三脚和四脚手杖)需求度最高，清单外对防滑垫需求最多；供给方面，以私营部门为主，政府组织、公立医院次之，多数使用者通过自付获得辅助技术，获取辅助技术的距离集中在“< 5 km”，获得辅助技术的最大障碍是缺乏辅助技术有关知识；辅助技术整体满意度较好，辅助技术的适配度和服务质量是令使用者最不满意的因素。
结论中国人对辅助技术的满意度较好，存在少量辅助技术有需求、缺供给现象，需要针对辅助技术进行科普宣传，生产厂商辅助技术说明书应方便使用者理解，辅助技术服务团队成员构成应多元化，企业应推动自主创新，对辅助技术从业人员进行规范管理。

关键词: 辅助技术, 快速辅助技术评估, 功能障碍

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the demand, supply and satisfaction of the Chinese people on assistive technology.
Methods Based on the data from the World Health Organization rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA) questionnaire in six provinces and cities in China, the assistive technology of the whole population in China was described from three aspects of demand, supply and satisfaction.
Results A total of 15 234 valid questionnaires were obtained. In terms of demand, the proportion of visual impairment was the highest in all the functional impairment categories, the highest demands in the list were glasses (low-vision, short/long distance etc.) and walking sticks (canes/sticks, tripod and quadripod), while the highest demand outside the list was anti-skid pad. In terms of supply, the private sector was the main one, followed by government facility and public hospital, and most users took "paid out-of-pocket (self)" to obtain assistive technology, the distance to access the assistive technology was concentrated at "less than five kilometers", and the biggest obstacle to obtain assistive technology was lack of knowledge about assistive technology. Overall satisfaction with assistive technology was optimistic, the adaptation degree and service quality of assistive technology were the most unsatisfactory factors for users.
Conclusion In China, the satisfaction of assistive technology is optimistic, and there is a few amount of unmet assistive technology. It is necessary to propagandize assistive technology, and its manual should be readable, the assistive technical service team should be multidisciplinary, enterprises should promote independent innovation, and the professionals should be regulated.

Key words: assistive technology, rapid Assistive Technology Assessment, dysfunction

中图分类号:

R496

闫媚, 江华, 董理权, 柳博飞, 贺炜洁, 吴小高, 郭智洋. 中国辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度研究：基于快速辅助技术评估数据[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(4): 373-380.

YAN Mei, JIANG Hua, DONG Liquan, LIU Bofei, HE Weijie, WU Xiaogao, GUO Zhiyang. Demand, supply and satisfaction of assistive technology in China based on rapid Assistive Technology Assessment data[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(4): 373-380.

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辅具类别	城市								农村								合计
	男				女				男				女
	< 5 岁	5~17 岁	18~65 岁	> 65 岁	< 5 岁	5~17 岁	18~65 岁	> 65 岁	< 5 岁	5~17 岁	18~65 岁	> 65 岁	< 5 岁	5~17 岁	18~65 岁	> 65 岁
移动类	2	0	45	206	0	1	57	246	0	0	27	103	1	1	31	110	830
视力类	0	98	778	546	2	68	948	553	1	51	173	108	1	27	203	80	3637
听力类	0	0	14	22	0	0	11	24	0	0	3	16	0	0	4	7	101
沟通类	0	2	22	17	0	0	38	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	97
认知类	0	6	17	43	0	2	42	38	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	5	157
自理和环境类	0	0	6	38	0	0	20	54	0	0	5	11	0	0	6	14	154
合计	2	106	882	872	2	71	1116	933	1	51	209	240	2	28	245	216	4976

类别	城市				农村				合计
类别	< 5岁	5~17岁	18~65岁	> 65岁	< 5岁	5~17岁	18~65岁	> 65岁	合计
辅助技术来源
政府组织、公立医院	0	13	123	130	1	9	60	87	423
非政府组织/慈善机构	0	0	11	31	0	0	4	1	47
市场化部门	4	158	1715	1314	1	60	369	403	4024
朋友/家人	0	21	112	192	0	0	14	41	380
自制	0	3	33	22	0	1	10	23	92
其他	1	1	44	50	0	0	3	1	100
不清楚	0	1	14	23	0	0	0	0	38
辅助技术支付者
政府	0	0	25	62	0	1	51	80	219
慈善机构	0	0	13	37	0	0	6	2	68
雇主/学校	0	0	4	2	0	0	0	0	6
保险	0	0	7	4	0	0	2	1	14
自付	4	90	1749	1205	1	42	365	373	3829
家人/朋友	2	105	239	439	1	29	40	96	951

省份	城市					农村
省份	< 5 km	6~25 km	25~60 km	51~100 km	> 100 km	< 5 km	6~25 km	25~60 km	51~100 km	> 100 km
北京	1050	263	78	4	29	-	-	-	-	-
安徽	570	76	1	1	0	152	25	0	0	0
福建	434	77	3	0	1	134	26	2	0	0
湖北	396	125	5	4	10	261	52	5	2	1
四川	494	111	12	2	10	63	22	17	0	0
陕西	36	21	10	0	2	115	19	2	1	4
合计	2980	673	109	11	52	725	144	26	3	5

项目	满意度	非常不满意	不满意	无意见	很满意	非常满意
女性	辅助技术使用	9	86	377	1176	957
	评估和培训服务	2	16	410	758	681
	保养及售后服务	0	19	460	634	584
男性	辅助技术使用	4	63	316	1160	829
	评估和培训服务	2	13	349	767	666
	保养及售后服务	0	13	394	646	592
城市	辅助技术使用	11	115	596	1880	1450
	评估和培训服务	2	25	622	1218	1004
	保养及售后服务	0	24	724	1027	885
农村	辅助技术使用	3	34	97	456	337
	评估和培训服务	2	3	137	307	344
	保养及售后服务	0	8	130	253	292
儿童青少年 (< 17岁)	辅助技术使用	0	2	22	117	126
	评估和培训服务	0	0	25	75	118
	保养及售后服务	0	0	29	94	87
成年人 (18~65岁)	辅助技术使用	4	54	283	1068	837
	评估和培训服务	0	13	342	764	740
	保养及售后服务	0	15	397	646	647
老年人 (> 65岁)	辅助技术使用	10	91	361	1076	722
	评估和培训服务	4	15	392	686	490
	保养及售后服务	0	17	428	540	443

原因	n
适配度/大小/形状	105
疼痛/不适	30
重量	5
外观	1
安全性	4
耐用性	34
其他	17

中国辅助技术的需求、供给和满意度研究：基于快速辅助技术评估数据

Demand, supply and satisfaction of assistive technology in China based on rapid Assistive Technology Assessment data

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原因	n
流程	3
等待时长	2
护理质量	17
服务人员	4
权利	2
距离/时间	2
费用	3
其他	7

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