《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 541-550.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.05.008

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区老年人身体活动融合慢性病管理的健康效益:Scoping综述

袁媛, 杨剑()   

  1. 华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市 200241
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-06 修回日期:2023-05-12 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 杨剑(1970-),男,汉族,江苏徐州市人,博士,教授,世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心专家委员,主要研究方向:儿童青少年体育与健康、儿童青少年健康、ICF、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学、康复心理学、残疾研究。E-mail:yangjianxz@sina.com
  • 作者简介:袁媛(1992-),女,汉族,河南三门峡市人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:体育运动心理学、康复心理学、身体活动与健康促进。
  • 基金资助:
    1.上海高校"立德树人"人文社会科学重点研究基地子项目(1100-41222-16057);2.青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地子项目(11001-412321-17006);3.华东师范大学青少年运动促进健康研究院子项目

Health benefits of integrating physical activity with chronic disease management in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review

YUAN Yuan, YANG Jian()   

  1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2023-05-06 Revised:2023-05-12 Published:2023-05-25 Online:2023-06-19
  • Contact: YANG Jian, E-mail: yangjianxz@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Shanghai University Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(1100-41222-16057);Shanghai Social Science Research Base for Youth Physical Education(11001-412321-17006);East China Normal University Institute of Youth Sports Promoting Health

摘要:

目的 运用《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本》(ICD-11)和《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)构建社区慢性病老年人身体活动融合慢性病管理健康干预模式的健康效益的研究架构,综合分析针对社区慢性病老年人身体活动融合慢性病管理3类干预模式的干预方案和健康结局。

方法 检索中国知网、Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO,收集建库至2023年5月公开发表有关社区慢性病老年人社区慢性病管理、身体活动、运动康复、身体活动处方干预及其健康结局相关的文献,进行Scoping综述。

结果 纳入8篇文献,来自4个国家,涉及568项随机对照试验和4 359例参与者(50~72岁),发表日期集中在2017年至2022年。社区慢性病老年人健康干预模式可分为3类:社区卫生服务模式(慢性病管理与运动康复)、社区体育活动模式(预防与健康促进)和混合模式(两者结合)。社区卫生服务模式以社区慢性病管理为主,融合社区体育活动,涉及身体活动干预、健康教育、饮食干预、监测与动机干预、护理协调等;时间6~24个月,属性为康复、健康促进,人员涉及医生、护士、营养师、药剂师、社会工作者和初级保健临床医生。社区体育活动模式主要涉及在社区环境中为慢性病老年人设计并实施不同身体活动,提供相关建议和指导、个性化强化和支持;主要有步行、骑自行车、热身运动、心肺适能、肌肉力量和平衡训练、协调和拉伸运动、太极拳、瑜伽、气功、水上运动等形式;每次活动10~150 min,强度为低等~剧烈,持续8~12个月,干预属性为预防、健康促进,人员涉及临床工作人员、初级卫生保健人员、运动干预专家、医生、护士、社会工作者、获得相关认证的运动教练员。混合模式涉及慢性病预防和管理计划,包括身体活动咨询、身体活动相关的生活方式干预,个性化健康指导和运动方案的设计;时间6~12个月,属性为预防、康复和健康促进,人员涉及体育教练和退休专业运动人员、营养师、护士、私人培训师、全科医生、作业治疗师、理疗师。健康结局主要涉及身体功能相关指标,如体质量减轻,血压、腰围、收缩压、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平改善,心脏风险降低,关节炎、带状疱疹疼痛缓解,认知功能改善,抑郁症状改善;活动相关方面,如体适能改善,涉及身体敏捷性和动态平衡能力、灵活性、肌力、有氧耐力;身体活动量增加,如低等~剧烈运动或娱乐活动时间增加,跌倒风险降低,日常身体活动水平改善,自我效能感增强,社会参与水平提高。

结论 社区慢性病老年人身体活动与健康服务可归为3类干预模式,即社区卫生服务模式、社区体育活动模式和混合模式。在社区层面,融合身体活动和慢性病管理等社区卫生服务的综合干预,可改善社区慢性病老年人的健康状况,管理慢性病相关症状,改进身体和心理功能,提高体育活动参与水平,提升生活质量与福祉。混合模式将身体活动融入社区健康服务,可使社区慢性病老年人获得综合性健康干预,得到更显著的健康和健康相关效益。

关键词: 老年人, 慢性病管理, 社区康复, 身体活动, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类, Scoping综述

Abstract:

Objective To construct a health intervention model for community-dwelling older adults with chronic diseases based on the International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and to analyze the health outcomes of three types of intervention models that integrate physical activity and chronic disease management.

Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases for literature on community-based management of chronic diseases, physical activity, exercise rehabilitation, physical activity prescription intervention and related health outcomes up to May, 2023.

Results Eight studies from four countries were included, involving 568 randomized controlled trials and 4 359 participants aged 50 to 72. The studies were published mainly between 2017 and 2022. Community-based health intervention models for older adults with chronic diseases were categorized into three types: community health service models (chronic disease management and exercise rehabilitation), community physical activity models (prevention and health promotion) and mixed models (a combination of these two models). The community health service model focused on chronic disease management in the community, integrating community sports, and involving physical activity intervention, health education, dietary intervention, monitoring and motivation intervention, and care coordination, for six to 24 months, with the intervention attribute of rehabilitation and health promotion. The personnel involved doctors, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, social workers and primary healthcare clinicians. The community physical activity model focused on design and implementation physical activity intervention for chronic disease in the community environment, providing relevant physical activity advice and guidance, and personalized reinforcement and support. The physical activities included walking, cycling, warm-up exercises, cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength and balance training, coordination and stretching exercises, Taijiquan, Yoga, Qigong, and water sports; ten to 150 minutes a time, low to vigorous, for eight to twelve months, with the intervention attribute of prevention and health promotion. The personnel involved clinical staff, primary healthcare staff, exercise intervention experts and consultants, doctors, nurses, social workers and certified exercise coaches. The mixed model involved a chronic disease prevention and management plan, including physical activity counseling, lifestyle intervention related to physical activity, personalized health guidance and exercise program design, for six to twelve months, with the intervention attribute of prevention, rehabilitation and health promotion. The personnel involved sports coaches and retired professional athletes, dietitians, nurses, personal trainers, general practitioners, occupational therapists and physiotherapists. The main health outcomes involved body function-related indicators, such as control of weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, to reduce cardiovascular risk; relief of arthritis and herpes zoster pain, improvement in cognitive function and depressive symptoms. In terms of activity-related outcomes, the physical fitness improved, involving agility and dynamic balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and aerobic endurance; while the amount of physical activity increased, as well as the time spent on mild, moderate and vigorous exercise or leisure activities; the risk of fall reduced, the level of daily physical activity improved, and the self-efficacy and level of social participation increased.

Conclusion The community-based physical activity and health services models for older adults with chronic diseases may be classified as community health service model, community physical activity model and mixed model. A comprehensive intervention integrating physical activity and community health services can improve the health status, control the symptoms of chronic diseases, improve physical and mental functions, and increase the level of physical activity and quality of life for older adults with chronic diseases. The mixed model is a hybrid model that incorporates physical activity into community health services, which can provide comprehensive health interventions to make better health and health-related benefits.

Key words: older adults, chronic disease management, community-based rehabilitation, physical activity, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, scoping review

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