《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 993-1003.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.09.001

• 专题 心理与行为康复 • 上一篇    下一篇

智力与发展性残疾儿童心理健康服务:基于WHO-FICs的研究

王少璞1,2,3, 杨亚茹2,3,4(), 邱卓英2,3,5, 杨剑2,3,4, 姚梅林2,3,6, 孙宏伟2,3,7, 邹敏2,3,7   

  1. 1.广东体育职业技术学院,广东广州市 510000
    2.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心, 北京市 100068
    3.中国心理学会康复心理学专业委员会,山东潍坊市 261053
    4.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市 200241
    5.康复大学,山东青岛市 266071
    6.北京师范大学心理学部,北京市 100875
    7.中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市 261053
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨亚茹 E-mail:alison-y2050@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:王少璞(1988-),女,汉族,湖北潜江市人,硕士,讲师,中国心理学会康复心理学专业委员会委员,中国残疾人康复协会残疾分类研究专业委员会常务委员,主要研究方向:康复心理学和残疾研究、康复科学、健康心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    中国残联研究课题(22&ZZ2005)

Mental health services for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a WHO-FICs-based study

WANG Shaopu1,2,3, YANG Yaru2,3,4(), QIU Zhuoying2,3,5, YANG Jian2,3,4, YAO Meilin2,3,6, SUN Hongwei2,3,7, ZOU Min2,3,7   

  1. 1. Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sports, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
    2. WHO-FICs Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
    3. Board of Rehabilitation Psychology, Chinese Psychological Society, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
    4. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    5. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    6. Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    7. China Academy of ICF, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
  • Received:2023-09-04 Published:2023-09-25 Online:2023-10-26
  • Contact: YANG Yaru E-mail:alison-y2050@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    Research Project of China Disabled Persons' Federation(22&ZZ2005)

摘要:

目的 系统分析智力与发展性残疾(IDD)儿童典型的心理健康状况及相关心理功能障碍,探讨如何构建针对IDD儿童的典型心理健康状况心理健康服务体系及心理干预方法。

方法 基于世界卫生组织国际分类家族(WHO-FICs)架构,分析IDD儿童的心理健康状况和相关功能,构建心理健康服务架构并提出心理健康干预方法。

结果 IDD儿童面临的典型的心理健康状况及相关疾病主要有6类:情绪障碍(焦虑症和抑郁症)、行为障碍(破坏性障碍、挑战性行为、攻击性行为)、创伤障碍(创伤后应激障碍)、精神障碍(精神分裂症)、自杀和自我伤害、学习障碍(发育性学习障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍)。为IDD儿童提供的心理健康服务涉及6个方面:领导力与治理、筹款、人力资源、服务提供、心理健康技术以及信息和研究。精神卫生服务贯穿从预防、治疗、康复到健康促进的连续卫生服务。为IDD儿童提供3个方面的心理健康服务:识别和诊断心理健康状况,分析导致心理健康问题的主要因素,以及分析环境因素。心理健康服务干预主要涉及抗抑郁药、心理治疗、压力管理培训、体育锻炼训练,以及健康生活方式的教育、建议和支持5类;心理健康服务可以在医院、康复机构、家庭和学校环境中提供。针对IDD儿童的各类心理健康问题,可以采取不同类型的心理健康干预方法。

结论 本研究系统分析了IDD儿童典型的心理健康状况及相关心理功能障碍,根据世界卫生组织健康服务体系构建了IDD儿童心理健康服务架构,参照世界卫生组织健康服务连续体构建了IDD儿童心理健康干预方法体系,并且运用WHO-FICs对IDD儿童的功能进行描述和编码,运用ICHI-β3对相关的心理干预进行编码和分析。

关键词: 儿童, 智力与发展性残疾, 心理健康状况, 心理健康服务, 心理健康干预

Abstract:

Objective To systematically analyze the typical mental health conditions and psychological disorders of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to construct a mental health service system and psychological interventions to these mental health conditions of children with IDD.

Methods Based on the framework of the World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the mental health conditions and related functioning were analyzed, and the mental health service framework and proposed mental health interventions were constructed.

Results There were six main categories of mental health conditions for children with IDD: mood disorders (anxiety and depression), behavioral disorders (disruptive disorders and challenging behaviors, aggressive behaviors), traumatic disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder), mental disorders (schizophrenia), suicide and self-harm, and learning disabilities (developmental learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Mental health services for children with IDD involved in six dimensions: leadership and governance, fundraising, human resources, service delivery, mental health technologies, and information and research. Mental health services went through the continuum of health services from prevention, treatment, rehabilitation to health promotion. We delivered mental health services for children with IDD in three aspects: identifying and diagnosing mental health problems or conditions, analyzing the main factors caused mental health problems, and analyzing the environmental factors. Mental health service interventions mainly covered five categories: antidepressants, psychotherapy, stress management training, physical exercise training, healthy lifestyle education, consultation and support. Children with IDD may obtain the mental health services in hospitals, rehabilitation institutions, community and school settings.

Conclusion This study systematically analyzed the typical mental health status and related psychological functional impairments of children with IDD. Based on the World Health Organization health service system, a mental health service framework for children with IDD was constructed. Referring to the WHO's continuum of health services, a system of psychological intervention methods for children with IDD was established. Furthermore, the WHO-FICs were used to describe and code the functions of children with IDD, and the ICHI-β3 was applied to code and analyze the related psychological interventions.

Key words: children, intellectual and developmental disabilities, mental health conditions, mental health service, mental health intervention

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