注意缺陷多动障碍学龄儿童精细动作技能的性别差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究不同性别注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)学龄儿童精细动作技能的特点。

方法 2021年4月至2023年4月，从医院和患者微信群募集确诊ADHD儿童69例，在北京市海淀区万泉小学1~4年级学生中，由专业精神科医生筛查ADHD儿童66例，共纳入ADHD儿童135例；在同一小学按性别匹配、年龄差< 0.5岁招募135例健康儿童为对照。采用儿童动作协调能力标准评估工具(MABC-2)中的手部精细操作4项测试和手部精细动作总分进行评估。

结果控制年龄后，ADHD男童各项目分和总分均低于健康男童和健康女童(P < 0.05)，ADHD女童仅总分低于健康男童和健康女童(P < 0.05)。性别对ADHD儿童各项目分和总分主效应均显著(F > 5.133, P < 0.05)，男童低于女童(P < 0.05)。

结论 ADHD儿童精细动作技能发展落后，男童尤为显著。

关键词: 儿童, 学龄, 注意缺陷多动障碍, 精细动作技能, 手眼协调

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of fine motor skills of school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different sexes.

Methods From April, 2021 to April, 2023, 66 ADHD children from grades one to four in Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School were screened by psychiatrists, and other 69 ADHD children were recruited from hospitals and patient groups of WeChat, accounting to 135 ADHD children. Meanwhile, a total of 135 typically developed (TD) children matched with sex and age (< 0.5 year) were recruited from the same primary school as controls. They were assessed with Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) four subtests of manual dexterit.

Results After controlling age, the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor of MABC-2 were less in ADHD boys and girls than in the TD boys and girls (P< 0.05). The main effect of sex was significant on the subtest scores and the total score of fine motor for ADHD children (F> 5.133, P< 0.05), and they were less in the boy than in the girls (P< 0.05).

Conclusion The development of fine motor delays in school-aged ADHD children, especially for the boys.

Key words: children, school-age, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, fine motor skills, eye-hand coordination

中图分类号:

R749.93

毕小羽, 朱笑彤, 朱飞龙, 匡冬青, 宋以玲, 范碧瑶, 任园春. 注意缺陷多动障碍学龄儿童精细动作技能的性别差异[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(9): 1029-1034.

BI Xiaoyu, ZHU Xiaotong, ZHU Feilong, KUANG Dongqing, SONG Yiling, FAN Biyao, REN Yuanchun. Sex difference of fine motor skills of school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(9): 1029-1034.

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项目	健康男童 (n = 111)	健康女童 (n = 24)	ADHD男童 (n = 111)	ADHD女童 (n = 24)	F值	P值
总分	11.96±2.59	12.63±1.52	7.97±3.10^a,b	9.50±2.81^a,b	41.42	< 0.001
惯用手投币/插钉	11.12±2.76	12.25±1.51	7.70±3.55^a,b	9.50±3.41	26.05	< 0.001
非惯用手投币/插钉	11.77±3.03	12.67±2.59	8.41±3.63^a,b	10.17±3.38	22.06	< 0.001
穿珠/穿线	10.03±2.07	10.63±2.14	7.97±2.79^a,b	9.50±1.86	15.53	< 0.001
描画轨迹	11.27±1.52	11.83±0.86	8.12±3.77^a,b	9.79±2.65	25.60	< 0.001

项目	主效应		性别	边际均值	95%CI
项目	F值	P值	性别	边际均值	95%CI
总分	6.046	0.015	男	7.94	7.37~8.51
总分	6.046	0.015	女	9.64	8.40~10.87
惯用手投币/插钉	5.880	0.017	男	7.67	7.01~8.33
惯用手投币/插钉	5.880	0.017	女	9.62	8.18~11.05
非惯用手投币/插钉	5.133	0.025	男	8.38	7.71~9.06
非惯用手投币/插钉	5.133	0.025	女	10.24	8.77~11.70
穿珠/穿线	6.802	0.010	男	7.96	7.46~8.46
穿珠/穿线	6.802	0.010	女	9.54	8.45~10.63
描画轨迹	5.799	0.017	男	8.06	7.40~8.73
描画轨迹	5.799	0.017	女	10.01	8.56~11.46