《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1164-1170.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.10.007

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人心理社会干预与心理健康的系统综述

唐家玉1, 邱服冰2,3()   

  1. 1.香港城市大学社会及行为科学系，香港 999077
    2.深圳大学体育学院，广东深圳市 518060
    3.世界卫生组织国际健康分类家族合作中心，北京市 100068
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-20 修回日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 邱服冰(1966-)，男，汉族，湖北公安县人，副教授，世界卫生组织国际家族分类合作中心专家，主要研究方向：体育与健康、康复心理学、运动与康复。E-mail： 13902932056@163.com
  • 作者简介:唐家玉(1999-)，女，汉族，甘肃兰州市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：老年人心理健康、心理健康服务、社会心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    中国残疾人联合会残疾人辅助器具专项研究课题(2022CDPFAT-24)

Psychosocial intervention and mental health for older adults: a systematic review

TANG Jiayu1, QIU Fubing2,3()   

  1. 1. Department of Social and Behavioral Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
    2. School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
    3. WHO-FICs Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
  • Received:2023-09-20 Revised:2023-09-26 Published:2023-10-25 Online:2023-11-16
  • Contact: QIU Fubing, E-mail: 13902932056@163.com
  • Supported by:
    China Disabled Persons' Federation Researches on Assistive Devices(2022CDPFAT-24)

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摘要：

目的 系统综述心理社会支持相关活动对老年人心理健康的效果。
方法 检索建库至2022年8月PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO和中国知网对老年人心理健康效益的相关随机对照试验，进行系统综述。
结果 最终纳入7篇文献，来自西班牙、智利、加拿大、芬兰、英国、韩国和美国，主要来源于精神病学、老年人心理健康等领域期刊，发表时间集中在2017年之后。研究对象年龄60~80岁，共1 258例。干预方式包括普拉提、正念训练、行为激活、认知刺激、日常困难问题解决训练、疼痛和抑郁症状管理、健康教育与指导、护理协调、团体运动锻炼(如循环训练、踏板训练或橡皮筋训练)、水上运动等;干预频率为每次30~120 min，每周1~9次，低~高强度，持续4~64周;干预场所包括体育场馆、社区卫生保健中心、老龄化服务机构;干预人员包括运动治疗师(瑜伽)、心理学家、健康专业人员、社区卫生服务人员、卫生保健人员。所有干预都在有监督的情况下执行。心理社会干预对老年人心理健康的效益主要体现在改善认知功能、自我效能;减轻焦虑、抑郁状态，改善抑郁情绪或孤独感;改善睡眠质量;增加社会融合感，显著改善疼痛等。
结论 心理健康干预(心理干预或支持、社会干预或支持、心理社会干预)、心理健康相关的干预(身体活动干预)有益于老年人心理健康。心理社会干预对老年人心理健康的效益主要体现在改善认知功能，缓解焦虑、抑郁状态，改善睡眠质量，提高生活质量与福祉4个方面。

关键词: 老年人, 心理社会干预, 身体活动, 心理健康, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the effects of psychosocial support-related activities on mental health of older adults.
Methods Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on mental health benefits for older adults were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI, until August, 2022. A systematic review was conducted.
Results Seven RCTs were included, from Spain, Chile, Canada, Finland, the United Kingdom, South Korea and the United States, mainly from psychiatry, mental health of the elderly and other journals, published after 2017. The subjects aged 60 to 80 years, accounting to 1 258 cases. Psychosocial interventions included Pilates, mindfulness, behavioral activation, cognitive stimulation, daily difficult problem solving training, pain and depression symptom management, health education and guidance, nursing coordination, group exercise (such as circuit training, pedal training or rubber band training), and water sports, etc. The frequency of intervention was 30 to 120 minutes a time, one to nine times a week, and the intensity of the intervention was low to high intensity for four to 64 weeks. Intervention sites included sports venues, community health centres, ageing services, and intervention staff included sports therapists (yoga), psychologists, health professionals, community health services, and health care workers. All interventions were carried out under supervision. The benefits of psychosocial intervention on the mental health of the older adults mainly reflected in the improving cognitive function and self-efficacy, reducing anxiety and depression, improving depressed mood or loneliness, improving sleep quality, increasing sense of social integration and relieving pain and other problems.
Conclusion Mental health interventions (psychological interventions or support, social interventions or support, psychosocial interventions) and mental health-related interventions (physical activity interventions) benefit older people's mental health, including improving cognitive function, alleviating anxiety and depression, improving sleep quality, and improving quality of life and well-being.

Key words: older adults, psychosocial intervention, physical activity, mental health, systematic review

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