残疾大学生的择业心理特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.10.016

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1227-1232.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.10.016

残疾大学生的择业心理特征

房晓庆¹, 丁雪梅¹, 王一杰², 李新征³, 张晓丽¹()

1.滨州医学院护理学院，山东烟台市 264003
2.滨州医学院附属医院，山东滨州市 256600
3.滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院，山东烟台市 264003

收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2023-09-07 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-11-16
通讯作者: 张晓丽(1979-)，女，汉族，山东荣成市人，硕士，教授，主要研究方向：残疾人心理学。E-mail： zxl7901@163.com
作者简介:房晓庆(1997-)，女，汉族，山东临沂市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：残疾人心理学。
基金资助:
山东省社会科学规划研究项目(23CSHJ01);山东省社会科学规划研究项目(18CJYJ17)

Psychological characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities

FANG Xiaoqing¹, DING Xuemei¹, WANG Yijie², LI Xinzheng³, ZHANG Xiaoli¹()

1. School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
2. Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
3. School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China

Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2023-09-07 Published:2023-10-25 Online:2023-11-16
Contact: ZHANG Xiaoli, E-mail: zxl7901@163.com
Supported by:
Shandong Social Science Planning Research Project(23CSHJ01);Shandong Social Science Planning Research Project(18CJYJ17)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查在校残疾大学生的择业心理倾向特征。
方法使用残疾大学生择业心理倾向量表对4所高校在校残疾大学生155例进行问卷调查。
结果最终回收有效问卷151份。主成分分析提取到4个公因子：专业、能力、父母职业和父母学历，累计方差贡献率74.98%。聚类分析聚为3类：能力和父母学历影响型(20.5%)、专业和能力型(31.1%)和专业偏向型(48.3%)。3类大学生择业心理倾向在个人认知、就业倾向、就业情绪情感、就业意志维度均有显著性差异(F > 7.021, P < 0.01)。
结论在校残疾大学生择业心理倾向有4个维度：专业维度、能力维度、父母职业维度和父母学历维度。择业心理倾向可分为3类：能力和父母学历影响型、专业和能力型以及专业偏向型。要根据残疾大学生择业心理结构和典型的择业心理倾向进行精准的职业咨询与辅导。

关键词: 大学生, 残疾, 择业心理, 调查

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the psychological tendency characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities.
Methods A total of 155 college students with disabilities in four colleges and universities were investigated using Psychological Tendencies of Vocational Selection for College Students with Disabilities (PTVS).
Results A total of 151 questionnaires returned finally. The principal component analysis extracted four factors, namely profession, capability, parental occupation and parental education, with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.98%. Clustering analysis clustered three categories, namely vocational capability and parental education dominated, profession and capability dominated, and profession dominated, which accounted for 20.5%, 31.1% and 48.3%, respectively. There were significant differences among the three categories in the dimensions of personal cognition, employment tendency, employment affect and employment will of PTVS (F > 7.021, P < 0.01).
Conclusion There are four dimensions of PTVS, i.e., the dimension of profession, the dimension of capability, the dimension of parental occupation and the dimension of parental education; while the PTVS could be divided into three categories, i.e., vocational capability and parental education dominated, profession and capability dominated, and profession dominated. For college students with disabilities, accurate career counseling and guidance should be provided according to the psychological structure of vocational selection and PTVS.

Key words: college students, disability, career psychology, investigation

中图分类号:

R492

房晓庆, 丁雪梅, 王一杰, 李新征, 张晓丽. 残疾大学生的择业心理特征[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(10): 1227-1232.

FANG Xiaoqing, DING Xuemei, WANG Yijie, LI Xinzheng, ZHANG Xiaoli. Psychological characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(10): 1227-1232.

图/表 5

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变量		n	变量		n
性别	男	82	父亲职业	政府、单位/企业员工	23
性别	女	69		个体经商/外出打工	32
年级	一	94		务农及其他	96
	二	32	对专业的了解程度	不了解	10
	三	5		一般了解	67
	四	10		了解	74
	五	10	对专业的感兴趣程度	不感兴趣	5
身体残疾类别	肢体残疾	28		不太感兴趣	8
身体残疾类别	非肢体残疾	123		一般感兴趣	63
母亲学历	初中及以下	112		比较感兴趣	60
母亲学历	高中/中专及以上	39		非常感兴趣	15
母亲职业	政府、单位/企业员工	14	专业课平均成绩	一般(< 70分)	43
	个体经商/外出打工	22		良好(70~80分)	50
	务农及其他	115		优秀(> 80分)	58
父亲学历	初中及以下	106
父亲学历	高中/中专及以上	45

主成分	初始特征值			提取载荷平方和			旋转载荷平方和
主成分	总计	方差贡献率/%	累积/%	总计	方差贡献率/%	累积/%	总计	方差贡献率/%	累积/%
1	1.946	24.330	24.330	1.946	24.330	24.330	1.728	21.601	21.601
2	1.654	20.677	45.008	1.654	20.677	45.008	1.608	20.097	41.699
3	1.369	17.112	62.120	1.369	17.112	62.120	1.538	19.228	60.926
4	1.029	12.857	74.977	1.029	12.857	74.977	1.124	14.051	74.977
5	0.782	9.777	84.753
6	0.537	6.712	91.466
7	0.409	5.118	96.584
8	0.273	3.416	100.000

变量	公因子1	公因子2	公因子3	公因子4
母亲的职业	0.916	0.032	-0.098	0.026
父亲的职业	0.907	0.146	0.041	-0.064
母亲的学历	0.086	0.863	0.006	0.018
父亲的学历	0.083	0.874	0.118	0.078
对专业的了解程度	-0.058	0.076	0.828	0.086
对专业感兴趣程度	-0.012	0.052	0.790	-0.046
专业课平均成绩	0.155	-0.141	0.407	0.687
身体残疾类别	-0.157	0.220	-0.196	0.795

维度	择业能力和父母学历影响型(n = 31)	强调专业和能力型(n = 47)	专业偏向型(n = 73)
专业维度	-0.2777	-0.9871	0.7535
能力维度	1.4582	-0.6445	-0.2043
父母学历维度	0.6045	-0.0810	-0.2048
父母职业维度	-0.2570	-0.0487	0.1405

维度	n	个人认知	就业倾向	就业情绪情感	就业意志
择业能力和父母学历影响型	31	53.52±9.83	49.52±9.36	39.23±6.71	38.81±4.84
强调专业和能力型	47	48.47±5.50	44.36±9.52	36.02±4.59	35.30±4.24
专业偏向型	73	55.25±6.44	50.63±7.63	39.10±4.18	38.95±4.52
F值		13.573	7.863	7.021	10.378
P值		< 0.001	0.001	0.001	< 0.001

残疾大学生的择业心理特征

Psychological characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities

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