深圳市中轻度残疾人社区康复健身活动及其健康效益研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.02.008

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 189-194.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.02.008

深圳市中轻度残疾人社区康复健身活动及其健康效益研究

杨亚茹¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 杨剑¹^,²^,³(), 邱卓英³^,⁴(), 邱服冰⁵, 肖晓飞⁶, 彭一峰⁷

1.华东师范大学体育与健康学院，上海市 200241
2.华东师范大学青少年健康评价与运动干预教育部重点实验室，上海市 200241
3.世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心，北京市 100068
4.康复大学，山东青岛市 266101
5.深圳大学体育学院，广东深圳市 518060
6.滨州医学院康复医学院，山东烟台市 264003
7.深圳多维康复研究院，广东深圳市 518116

收稿日期:2023-10-30 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-01
通讯作者: 杨剑,邱卓英 E-mail:yangjianxz@sina.com;qiutiger@hotmail.com
作者简介:杨亚茹(1997-)，女，汉族，北京市人，博士研究生，世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心委员，中国心理学会康复心理学专委会委员，中国残疾人康复协会残疾分类研究专业委员会常务委员，主要研究方向：ICF、康复心理学、特殊教育、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学、残疾研究。
基金资助:
1.中国残联研究课题(22&ZZ2005);2.中国残联残疾人辅助器具专项研究课题(2023CDPFAT-29);中国残联残疾人辅助器具专项研究课题(2022CDPFAT-24)

Research on community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity and its benefits for people with mild and moderate disability in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

YANG Yaru¹^,²^,³^,⁴, YANG Jian¹^,²^,³(), QIU Zhuoying³^,⁴(), QIU Fubing⁵, XIAO Xiaofei⁶, PENG Yifeng⁷

1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. WHO-FICs Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
4. University of Health and Rehabilitation, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
5. Physical Education College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
6. School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
7. Shenzhen Duowei Rehabilitation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China

Received:2023-10-30 Revised:2023-11-22 Published:2024-02-25 Online:2024-03-01
Contact: YANG Jian, QIU Zhuoying E-mail:yangjianxz@sina.com;qiutiger@hotmail.com
Supported by:
Research Project of China Disabled Persons' Federation(22&ZZ2005);Research Project of China Disabled Persons' Federation on Assistive Devices for the Disabled(2023CDPFAT-29);Research Project of China Disabled Persons' Federation on Assistive Devices for the Disabled(2022CDPFAT-24)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的基于WHO《2018-2030促进身体互动全球行动计划：加强身体活动，造就健康世界》并参照WHO《身体活动和久坐行为指南》(针对残疾人)《指南》的要求，采用ICF有关残疾与功能的理论架构和方法，对中轻度残疾人参与社区康复健身活动后的身体活动状态、功能状态和生活质量进行分析，探讨在社区环境下，残疾人参与康复健身体育活动的健康效益。
方法根据《指南》和ICF，构建适用于中轻度残疾人社区康复健身活动方案，来自深圳市20个社区230例中轻度残疾人，涉及肢体残疾、语言残疾、智力残疾和精神残疾人参与社区身体活动，由专业康复健身活动指导人员实施和指导。活动类型主要涉及体适能类(有氧运动和抗阻运动)、技能类(平衡运动、协调运动等)以及运动和运动游戏项目类(球类运动、游戏运动等)，活动强度为低~中，每次活动30~50 min，每月5次，持续6个月。采用国际身体活动问卷(IPAQ)对中轻度残疾人社区健身活动状况进行调查、运用WHODAS 2.0，对残疾人整体功能进行评定;采用WHOQOL-BREF评估中轻度残疾人的与健康有关的生活质量。
结果中轻度残疾人在参与社区康复健身活动后，IPAQ的工作相关、交通出行相关、家务园艺相关及休闲相关4个领域体育活动的得分显著提高(|t| > 3.391, P < 0.001);WHODAS 2.0的认知、活动、自我照护、与他人相处、与生活相关的各项活动、社会参与维度分和总分均显著下降(t > 6.639, P < 0.001);WHOQOL-BREF的4个维度分显著提高(|t| > 7.486, P < 0.001)。
结论参与为期6个月的中轻强度社区康复健身活动后，中轻度残疾人体育活动水平与活动参与度显著提高，整体功能状态和生活质量显著改善。

关键词: 残疾人, 康复健身, 身体活动, 社区康复

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity on the physical activity levels, functional states, and quality of life for people with mild and moderate disabilities in community settings, to ascertain the health benefits of their engagement in such fitness sports activities, anchoring in the WHO "Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World" and the guidelines tailored for people with disabilities, using the theoretical framework and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Methods Aligning with the WHO guidelines for people with disabilities and the ICF, a community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program was designed for individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, featuring activities like fitness training (aerobic and resistance exercises), skill exercises (such as balance and coordination), as well as sports and recreational games (ball and games, etc.). A total of 230 people with mild and moderate disabilities were recruited from 20 communities in Shenzhen, with types of disabilities including physical, speech, intellectual, and mental. Professional rehabilitation fitness instructors implemented and supervised the program. The activities were of low to moderate intensity, 30 to 50 minutes per session, five times a month for six months. The community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity progress of these individuals was surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their overall functioning was evaluated with WHODAS 2.0. The health-related quality of life was measured with WHOQOL-BREF. The health benefits from participation in community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity were assessed in terms of functioning, activity involvement, and quality of life.
Results After the fitness activities, participation levels significantly increased in IPAQ domains of work-related, transport-related, domestic and gardening activity, and leisure time (|t| > 3.391, P < 0.001). The scores significantly decreased in the domains of cognition, activity, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation; and overall scores also decreased in WHODAS 2.0 (t > 6.639, P < 0.001). The scores significantly increased in the four dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF (|t| > 7.486, P < 0.001).
Conclusion After participating in a six-month community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program of mild to moderate intensity, individuals with mild to moderate disabilities have improved in physical activity and engagement levels, and the overall functioning and quality of life.

Key words: people with disabilities, rehabilitation exercise, physical activity, community-based rehabilitation

中图分类号:

R492

杨亚茹, 杨剑, 邱卓英, 邱服冰, 肖晓飞, 彭一峰. 深圳市中轻度残疾人社区康复健身活动及其健康效益研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2024, 30(2): 189-194.

YANG Yaru, YANG Jian, QIU Zhuoying, QIU Fubing, XIAO Xiaofei, PENG Yifeng. Research on community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity and its benefits for people with mild and moderate disability in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 189-194.

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体力活动类型	体力活动项目	n	社区康复健身前	社区康复健身后	t值	P值
工作相关	高强度	230	20.87±123.34	42.78±202.50	-3.391	< 0.001
	中等强度	230	57.22±114.80	124.17±186.56	-8.116	< 0.001
	步行	230	107.18±144.17	187.38±206.90	-13.656	< 0.001
交通出行	骑车	230	147.65±336.46	167.74±350.61	-4.867	< 0.001
交通出行	步行	230	271.60±264.28	358.98±287.38	-12.675	< 0.001
家务园艺	高强度户外家务	230	65.04±132.29	93.50±191.00	-6.212	< 0.001
	中等强度户内家务	230	35.54±84.07	50.22±99.49	-5.906	< 0.001
	中等强度户外家务	230	100.52±143.31	141.91±188.42	-7.926	< 0.001
休闲	步行	230	39.10±92.48	55.24±109.44	-5.906	< 0.001
	休闲中体力	230	125.22±155.84	182.61±222.04	-9.854	< 0.001
	休闲重体力	230	94.78±224.19	133.91±265.31	-5.906	< 0.001

项目	n	社区康复健身前	社区康复健身后	t值	P值
认知	230	28.93±20.74	24.76±17.37	10.851	< 0.001
活动	230	12.20±17.92	9.65±13.98	6.639	< 0.001
自我照护	230	17.55±19.89	14.52±16.81	6.914	< 0.001
与他人相处	230	24.06±20.15	18.95±17.24	9.561	< 0.001
生活活动1	230	33.43±26.25	24.83±20.23	12.819	< 0.001
生活活动2	230	29.84±26.19	21.74±18.68	10.844	< 0.001
社会参与	230	28.88±18.79	18.08±13.87	16.224	< 0.001
总分	230	25.32±17.46	18.95±12.86	17.423	< 0.001

项目	n	社区康复健身前	社区康复健身后	t值	P值
身体健康	230	15.73±3.84	17.68±2.08	-7.486	< 0.001
心理	230	16.25±2.60	18.39±1.99	-14.181	< 0.001
社会关系	230	20.17±4.65	22.92±4.18	-9.701	< 0.001
环境因素	230	19.07±4.08	21.12±2.18	-8.722	< 0.001
总分	230	14.17±3.15	14.20±2.61	-0.228	0.820

深圳市中轻度残疾人社区康复健身活动及其健康效益研究

Research on community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity and its benefits for people with mild and moderate disability in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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