虚拟现实技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量影响的Meta分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.06.004

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 648-656.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.06.004

虚拟现实技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量影响的Meta分析

吕美玲¹, 王洁¹, 曾维斯¹, 温晓婷¹, 楚鑫²()

1.成都中医药大学护理学院，四川成都市 610075
2.成都中医药大学附属医院护理部，四川成都市 610072

收稿日期:2024-04-30 修回日期:2024-05-08 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-03
通讯作者: 楚鑫，女，主任护师，主要研究方向：中西医结合护理、康复护理楚鑫，E-mail： 18981883803@163.com。
作者简介:吕美玲(1997-)，女，汉族，四川眉山市人，硕士研究生，护士，主要研究方向：中西医结合护理、康复护理。
基金资助:
成都中医药大学教育教学改革项目重点项目(JGJD202356)

Effect of virtual reality on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

LÜ Meiling¹, WANG Jie¹, ZENG Weisi¹, WEN Xiaoting¹, CHU Xin²()

1. School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
2. Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China

Received:2024-04-30 Revised:2024-05-08 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-07-03
Supported by:
Education and Teaching Reform Project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(JGJD202356)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的评价虚拟现实(VR)技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量的影响。

方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase和PubMed中关于VR技术干预帕金森病患者的随机对照试验(RCT)，检索时限从建库至2024年2月29日。对照组接受常规认知训练、常规平衡训练或常规物理治疗，试验组接受VR技术干预。采用Cochrane协作网的5.1.0版RCT偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评价，采用Revman5.4软件进行数据分析，采用GRADE对结局指标进行证据质量评价。

结果最终纳入RCT 13篇，涉及患者426例。部分文献未对分配隐藏和盲法进行描述，选择性报告研究结果或其他偏倚不清楚。Meta分析显示，VR技术可以有效改善帕金森病患者蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)评分(MD = 1.11, 95%CI 0.31~1.90, P = 0.006)、连线测试(TMT)-A评分(MD = -6.25, 95%CI -11.71~-0.78, P = 0.030)、抑郁评分(SMD = -0.56, 95%CI -0.95~0.18, P = 0.004)，但对TMT-B评分(MD = -6.01, 95%CI -28.16~16.14, P = 0.590)、统一帕金森病综合评定量表第二部分(UPDRS-Part II)评分(MD = -2.11, 95%CI -4.97~0.75, P = 0.150)、帕金森病患者生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评分(MD = -0.92, 95%CI -4.03~2.19, P = 0.560)效果不明显。VR技术对MoCA评分、UPDRS-Part II评分和PDQ-39评分的证据等级为低级，TMT评分和抑郁评分为中等。

结论 VR技术可以有效改善帕金森病患者的认知功能和抑郁，但在改善日常生活活动能力和生活质量方面效果不显著。

关键词: 帕金森病, 虚拟现实, 认知功能, 生活质量, Meta分析

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Methods A systematic search of CBM, CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed was carried out to identify randomized control trials (RCT) about the effect of VR technology on patients with Parkinson's disease from inception to February 29th, 2024. The control group received routine cognitive training, balance training or physical therapy, and the experimental group received VR technology. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's 5.1.0 RCT risk assessment tool for bias. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4. GRADE was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome indicators.

Results A total of 13 literatures involving 426 patients were included. Allocation concealment and blind methods were not described in most literatures, and selective reporting of research results or other biases was unclear. VR technology could improve the Motreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (MD = 1.11, 95%CI 0.31 to 1.90, P = 0.006), Trail Making Test (TMT)-A score (MD = -6.25, 95%CI -11.71 to -0.78, P = 0.030) and depression scale score (SMD = -0.56, 95%CI -0.95 to 0.18, P = 0.004) of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, it did not improve TMT-B score (MD = -6.01, 95%CI -28.16 to 16.14, P = 0.590), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Part II score (MD = -2.11, 95%CI -4.97 to 0.75, P = 0.150) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) score (MD = -0.92, 95%CI -4.03 to 2.19, P = 0.560). For quality of evidence, MoCA score, UPDRS-Part II score and PDQ-39 score were low, and depression score and TMT score were moderate.

Conclusion VR technology can improve the cognitive function and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease; however, no significant improvement is found in activities of daily living and quality of life.

Key words: Parkinson's disease, virtual reality, cognitive function, quality of life, meta-analysis

中图分类号:

R742.5

吕美玲, 王洁, 曾维斯, 温晓婷, 楚鑫. 虚拟现实技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量影响的Meta分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2024, 30(6): 648-656.

LÜ Meiling, WANG Jie, ZENG Weisi, WEN Xiaoting, CHU Xin. Effect of virtual reality on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(6): 648-656.

图/表 6

表1

图1

图2

表2

纳入文献基本特征"

纳入文献	国家	n(T/C)	平均年龄(T/C)/岁	干预措施	干预疗程	结局指标
Carpinella等^[16](2017)	意大利	17/20	(73.00±7.10)/(75.60±8.20)	T：完全沉浸式VR干预：基于Gamepad穿戴设备进行平衡训练 C：物理治疗	每次45 min，每周3次，共7周	⑤
Van Den Heuvel等^[17](2014)	荷兰	16/12	(66.30±6.39)/(68.80±9.68)	T：半沉浸式VR干预：基于增强视觉反馈的平衡训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次60 min，每周2次，共5周	③⑤
Maggio等^[18](2018)	意大利	10/10	(69.90±6.30)/(68.90±10.05)	T：半沉浸式VR干预：基于BTS Nirvana系统的认知训练 C：常规认知训练	每次60 min，每周3次，共8周	③
Santos等^[19](2019)	巴西	13/14	(61.70±7.30)/(64.50±9.80)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次50 min，每周2次，共8周	⑤
Allen等^[20](2017)	澳大利亚	18/19	(67.50±7.30)/(68.40±8.50)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于平板电脑游戏训练上肢运动功能 C：常规运动训练上肢功能	每周3次，共12周	①②⑤
Lee等^[21](2015)	韩国	10/10	(68.40±2.90)/(70.10±3.30)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡训练 C：功能性电刺激	每次30 min，每周5次，共6周	③
Kashif 等^[22](2022)	巴基斯坦	22/22	(63.86±4.57)/(62.32±4.61)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡训练 C：常规物理治疗	每次40 min，每周3次，共12周	④
Maggio等^[23](2024)	意大利	12/10	(59.70±9.70)/(66.80±6.50)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于VR应用程序的认知训练 C：常规认知训练	每次30 min，每周3次，共6周	①②③
Tollár等^[24](2019)	荷兰	25/25	(70.00±4.69)/(70.60±4.10)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于X-box系统的平衡训练 C：动感单车平衡训练	每次60 min，每周5次，共5周	④⑤
Pompeu等^[25](2012)	巴西	16/16	(60~85)/ (60~85)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡和认知训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次60 min，每周2次，共7周	①④
Song等^[26](2018)	澳大利亚	28/25	(68±7)/ (65±7)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于视频游戏的步态平衡训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次15 min，每周3次，共12周	①②
Pedreira等^[27](2013)	巴西	16/16	(61.10±8.20)/(66.20±8.50)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次40 min，每周3次，共4周	⑤
Hajebrahimi等^[28](2022)	土耳其	11/13	(66.36±8.04)/(65.53±9.93)	T：非沉浸式VR干预：基于Wii系统的平衡训练 C：常规平衡训练	每次60 min，每周3次，共4周	①③⑤

表2

表3

表4

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结局指标	纳入研究数/n	异质性检验		效应模型	Meta分析结果
结局指标	纳入研究数/n	I²值/%	P值	效应模型	MD/SMD(95%CI)	P值
MoCA评分^{[20,23,25-26,28]}	5	0	0.550	固定效应模型	1.11(0.31, 1.90)	0.006
TMT-A评分^[20,23,26]	3	0	0.440	固定效应模型	-6.25(-11.71, -0.78)	0.030
TMT-B评分^[20,23,26]	3	0	0.880	固定效应模型	-6.01(-28.16, 16.14)	0.590
抑郁评分^{[17-18,21,23,28]}	5	22	0.280	固定效应模型	-0.56(-0.95, -0.18)	0.004
UPDRS-Part II评分^[22,24-25]	3	81	0.005	随机效应模型	-2.11(-4.97, 0.75)	0.150
PDQ-39评分^{[16-17,19-20,24,27-28]}	7	2	0.410	固定效应模型	-0.92(-4.03, 2.19)	0.560

结局指标	研究数量/n	样本量/n	不一致性	不精确性	证据等级
MoCA评分^{[20,23,25-26,28]}	5	168	降一级^a	降一级^b	低
TMT-A评分^[20,23,26]	3	112	0	降一级^b	中等
TMT-B评分^[20,23,26]	3	112	0	降一级^b	中等
抑郁评分^{[17-18,21,23,28]}	5	114	0	降一级^b	中等
UPDRS-Part II评分^[22,24-25]	3	126	降一级^a	降一级^b	低
PDQ-39评分^{[16-17,19-20,24,27-28]}	7	235	降一级^a	降一级^b	低

虚拟现实技术对帕金森病患者认知功能和生活质量影响的Meta分析

Effect of virtual reality on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

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