《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 745-754.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.00.001

• 专题 残疾标准研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

运用ICF构建残疾标准的理论架构与方法体系

杨亚茹1,2,3, 邱卓英1,2(), 陈迪1,4, 王忠彦1,2(), 张萌1,5, 宋桂芸1,6   

  1. 1.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
    2.康复大学社会发展学院/国际康复政策和ICF研究中心,山东青岛市 266113
    3.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市 200241
    4.中国康复科学所康复信息研究部,北京市 100068
    5.北京协和医院,北京市 100730
    6.中国康复研究中心,北京市 100068
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 邱卓英(1962-),男,汉族,湖北武汉市人,博士,研究员、教授,世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心联席主任,主要研究方向:ICF、康复心理学、残疾与康复政策、康复科学、残疾标准、基于ICF残疾调查与评估,E-mail: qiutiger@hotmail.com; 王忠彦(1978-),男,汉族,山东潍坊市人,副教授,世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心专家,主要研究方向:康复科学、康复教育与发展政策、康复胜任力架构、ICF、康复政策、残疾标准、残疾统计。E-mail: zwang@uhrs.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨亚茹(1997-),女,汉族,北京市人,博士研究生,世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心专家,中国心理学会康复心理学专委会委员,主要研究方向:ICF、康复心理学、特殊教育、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学、残疾研究、残疾标准、基于ICF残疾调查与评估。
  • 基金资助:
    1.中国残联课题项目(24&BZ001);2.中国康复科学所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CRSI2024CZ-1);3.国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所医疗质量(循证)管理研究项目(YLZLXZ24G032);4.中央高水平医院临床科研业务费(2022-PUMCH-A-223);5.山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2023RZA01011);山东省重点研发计划(软科学)(2023RZB01013)

Constructing disability eligibility standards using ICF: conceptual framework, approaches and methodological systems

YANG Yaru1,2,3, QIU Zhuoying1,2(), CHEN Di1,4, WANG Zhongyan1,2(), ZHANG Meng1,5, SONG Guiyun1,6   

  1. 1. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
    2. School of Social Development/International Center for Rehabilitation Policy and ICF Research, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266113, China
    3. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    4. Department of Rehabilitation Information Research, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
    5. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
    6. China Rehablitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
  • Received:2025-03-13 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-07-30
  • Contact: QIU Zhuoying, E-mail: qiutiger@hotmail.com;WANG Zhongyan, E-mail: zwang@uhrs.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Disabled Persons' Federation Research Project(24&BZ001);The Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes, conducted by China Rehabilitation Science Institute(CRSI2024CZ-1);National Health Commission Hospital Management Research Institute Medical Quality (Evidence-based) Management Research Project(YLZLXZ24G032);Central High Level Hospital Clinical Research Business Expenses(2022-PUMCH-A-223);Shandong Key Research and Development Plan (Soft Science)(2023RZA01011);Shandong Key Research and Development Plan (Soft Science)(2023RZB01013)

摘要:

目的 探讨基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(ICF)生物-心理-社会功能残疾模式以及功能和残疾分类理论和方法,构建残疾标准的理论架构和方法体系。

方法 依据ICF生物-心理-社会的功能和残疾模式,参照联合国《残疾人权利公约》和世界卫生组织有关ICF应用于残疾调查统计和残疾相关服务的相关技术文件,探讨将ICF系统地应用于构建残疾标准的理论架构与方法体系,包括残疾的核心概念和术语体系、残疾分类分级的方法和体系、残疾的编码系统、残疾调查和评估工具的标准化以及残疾数据的标准体系。

结果 残疾标准的制定需基于应用场景和功能。调查统计类标准侧重于数据收集和分析,应用于设计调查问卷和方案;服务资格类标准关注个体获取服务的资格认定,需构建功能分类分级、编码和定量评估以及基于服务资格的服务配套方案;综合类标准则兼具上述两种功能。有效的残疾标准应包含清晰的残疾理论架构、科学的分类分级和编码系统,以及标准化的残疾报告和评定方法。基于ICF的残疾标准理论框架和方法体系涵盖5个方面:残疾核心概念和术语体系、残疾分类分级方法和体系、编码系统、残疾调查问卷和方案以及残疾评估方法和工具、残疾数据标准体系。将ICF应用于制定残疾标准的系统方法涉及基于ICF建立残疾分类分级系统和编码系统,将基于ICF的残疾调查与评定工具应用于设计和标准化残疾调查工具、调查方案和残疾评估工具,基于ICF建立残疾数据标准。

结论 ICF为残疾标准的构建提供了理论架构和方法体系。基于ICF的生物-心理-社会模式、功能分类分级和编码的理论和方法,以及基于ICF的标准化功能和残疾调查与评估工具,可以构建残疾核心概念和术语体系、残疾分类分级系统、残疾编码系统、残疾调查问卷和方案以及残疾评估工具和方案、残疾数据标准。基于ICF的理论框架和方法体系的系统应用,提升了残疾标准的科学性、包容性和适用性。

关键词: 残疾标准, 残疾概念和术语, 编码, 调查问卷, 评估, 评定, 数据, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类

Abstract:

Objective To construct a conceptual framework and methodology for developing disability eligibility/standard using the bio-psycho-social model of disability, and classification theory and methods of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods Based on the ICF's bio-psycho-social model, and aliged with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the World Health Organization technical documents in the fields of disability statistics and services, this study explored the systematic implementation of ICF to construct a conceptual framework and methodology for disability eligibility/standards, including core concepts and terminology of functioning and disability, methods and system of classification and grading, coding system, standardization of disability survey questionnaires and protocols, and assessment/evaluation tools, as well as standard system of disability data.

Results The establishment of disability standards should be based on specific application contexts and functions. Standards for surveys and statistics emphasized data collection and analysis, applied to the design of survey questionnaires and methodologies. Standards for service eligibility focused on determining service qualification through structured assessments/evaluation of functioning and disability. Comprehensive standards served both purposes. A well-rounded disability standard integrated a clear theoretical framework, scientific classification, grading and coding systems, and standardized disability reporting and evaluation/assessment methods/tools. The conceptual framework and methodological system for disability standards based on ICF comprised five core aspects: a core conceptual and terminological system for disability; disability classification and grading methods and systems; a scientifically structured classification, grading, and coding system; standardized disability reporting and assessment/evaluation methods and procedures; and standardized disability data systems. Applying ICF in practice involved systematically integrating the theoretical framework into the development of disability classification and grading systems, constructing coding systems using ICF, implementing standardized disability reporting and assessment/evaluation tools derived from the ICF, designing and standardizing disability survey instruments, questionnaires/protocols, and assessment/evaluation tools and protocols, and establishing ICF-based disability data standards.

Conclusion ICF provides a robust conceptual framework and methodology for the development of disability eligibility/standards. The bio-psycho-social model, conceptual framework and methodological approaches of classification, grading and coding of functioning and disability, and ICF-based standardized survey and assessment/evaluation tools, enable the establishment of core disability concepts and terminology, disability classification and grading systems, disability coding systems, disability survey questionnaires and protocols and assessment/evaluation tools and programs, and disability data standards. The systematic application of the ICF framework and methodology enhances the scientific rigor, inclusivity and applicability of disability eligibility/standards.

Key words: disability eligibility/standards, concepts and terminology, coding of disability, survey questionnaire, evaluation, assessment, data, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

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