慢性肾脏病患者居家运动康复促进因素与障碍因素的质性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.02.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查慢性肾脏病患者居家运动康复促进因素和障碍因素。

方法 2023年12月至2024年3月，选择曾就诊于北京博爱医院肾内科后居家的15例慢性肾脏病患者和肾内科的8例医护人员，进行半结构化访谈。采用Nvivo 12.0软件和主题分析法对访谈资料进行编码，并提炼主题。

结果共提炼出2个主题：促进因素包括感知益处、良好的健康素养、互联网媒体潜在益处、医护人员的监督、充足的社会支持；障碍因素包括负面情绪严重、并发症的负面影响、重视程度不够、运动驱动力不足、运动时间场所等现实条件的约束、运动康复支持不足。

结论慢性肾脏病患者居家运动康复影响因素多样并具有个性化，应个性化给予运动康复指导，提高患者自我管理依从性。

关键词: 慢性肾脏病, 运动康复, 相关因素, 质性研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the facilitators and barriers of home-based exercise rehabilitation for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods From December, 2023 to March, 2024, 15 CKD patients receiving treatment at the Nephrology Department of Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and undergoing home-based rehabilitation were selected, as well as eight healthcare professionals from the same department. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were coded and analyzed using Nvivo 12.0.

Results Two main themes were identified. The facilitators included perceived benefits, good health literacy, potential benefits of online media, supervision by healthcare professionals and adequate social support. The barriers included severe negative emotions, adverse effects of complications, insufficient emphasis on exercise rehabilitation, lack of motivation for exercise, constraints related to time and location for exercise, and insufficient rehabilitation support.

Conclusion There are vavious and individual factors influencing home-based exercise rehabilitation for CKD patients, which need an individualized exercise rehabilitation guidance to improve the adherence to self-management.

Key words: chronic kidney disease, exercise rehabilitation, related factors, qualitative analysis

中图分类号:

R692

王微平, 马迎春. 慢性肾脏病患者居家运动康复促进因素与障碍因素的质性研究[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(2): 235-241.

WANG Weiping, MA Yingchun. Factors affecting home-based exercise rehabilitation for chronic kidney disease patients: a qualitative analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(2): 235-241.

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编号	性别	年龄/岁	文化程度	婚姻状况	工作状态	病程	透析
P1	男	58	初中	离异	在职(脑力)	8年	无
P2	男	59	初中	已婚	退休	6个月	血透
P3	女	52	研究生	已婚	在职(脑力)	10年	腹透
P4	男	62	高中	已婚	退休	6个月	无
P5	女	67	高中	已婚	退休	5年	无
P6	男	55	初中	已婚	在职(脑力)	4年	腹透
P7	男	88	本科	已婚	退休	4年	无
P8	女	62	初中	已婚	退休	12年	无
P9	男	63	小学	离异	退休	8年	血透
P10	女	59	初中	已婚	退休	9年	腹透
P11	女	54	高中	已婚	退休	10年	血透
P12	女	63	高中	已婚	退休	25年	血透
P13	男	60	大专	已婚	在职(体力)	3年	血透
P14	男	60	高中	已婚	退休	4年	血透
P15	女	55	本科	已婚	退休	3年	无

编号	性别	年龄/岁	文化程度	工作时间/年	职称
H1	女	37	本科	15	主管护师
H2	女	33	本科	14	护师
H3	女	28	本科	9	护师
H4	女	39	本科	17	主管护师
H5	女	31	本科	9	护师
H6	女	28	本科	7	主管护师
H7	女	29	研究生	2	住院医师
H8	女	37	研究生	10	主治医师