老年人与青年人姿势控制能力的差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.07.012

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 846-852.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.07.012

老年人与青年人姿势控制能力的差异

段林茹^1a, 郑洁皎^1a(), 郑拥军^1a^,^1b, 丁建伟^1a

1.复旦大学附属华东医院，a.康复医学科，b.疼痛科，上海市 200040

收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 郑洁皎，女，本科，主任医师，博士生导师，主要研究方向：老年康复。E-mail： zjjcss@163.com
作者简介:段林茹(1990-)，女，汉族，河南濮阳市人，硕士，主管技师，主要研究方向：神经康复。
基金资助:
1.上海市科委项目(No.21MC1930200);上海市科委项目(22Y31900200);2.上海市卫健委卫生行业临床研究专项(20194Y0463);3.华东医院院级临床医学研究中心(康复医学)(LCZX2206);4.上海市级医院康复医学科专科联盟(SHDC22023304)

Difference in posture control ability between elderly and young people

DUAN Linru^1a, ZHENG Jiejiao^1a(), ZHENG Yongjun^1a^,^1b, DING Jianwei^1a

1a. Department of Rehabilitation, b. Department of Pain, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China

Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-06-23 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-07-30
Contact: ZHENG Jiejiao, E-mail: zjjcss@163.com
Supported by:
Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project(No.21MC1930200);Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Project(22Y31900200);Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Project of Health Industry Clinical Research(20194Y0463);Clinical Research Center of Huadong Hospital (Rehabilitation Medicine)(LCZX2206);Shanghai Municipal Hospital Rehabilitation Medicine Specialty Alliance(SHDC22023304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨老年人与青年人的平衡能力和运动控制的差异。

方法 2022年7月至2025年2月，在华东医院招募健康老年人(老年组)和青年人(青年组)各30例，采用计算机动态姿势描记系统进行感觉统合测试，记录6种条件下的平衡得分、平衡综合分和策略得分，并通过不同站立条件分析维持平衡时的视觉、本体感觉和前庭觉。

结果老年组在睁眼/支撑面不稳、闭眼/支撑面不稳、视觉干扰/支撑面不稳条件下的平衡分显著低于青年组(t > 3.887, P < 0.001)，平衡综合分显著低于青年组(t = 5.603, P < 0.001)。老年组视觉、前庭觉得分显著低于青年组(t > 3.815, P < 0.001)，在6种条件下策略得分均低于青年组(t > 2.496, P < 0.05)。

结论与青年人相比，老年人姿势控制能力下降，主要表现为维持平衡时利用视觉和前庭觉的能力下降，且无法有效应用踝策略和髋策略保持平衡。

关键词: 老年人, 姿势控制, 平衡, 感觉系统, 髋策略

Abstract:

Objective To explore the difference in balance ability and motor control between the elder and the young.

Methods From July, 2022 to February, 2025, 30 older adults (older group) and 30 young individuals (young group) were recruited in Huadong Hospital. Both groups underwent sensory organization test using a computerized dynamic posture recording system. Balance scores under six conditions, composite equilibrium score and strategy scores were recorded. The contributions of vision, somatosensation and vestibular function to balance under different stance conditions were analyzed.

Results The balance scores were lower in the older group than in the young group under the conditions of eyes open/unstable surface, eyes closed/unstable surface, and visual conflict/unstable surface (t > 3.887, P < 0.05), as well as the composite equilibrium score (t = 5.603, P < 0.05), visual and vestibular scores (t > 3.815, P < 0.05), and strategy scores under all six conditions (t > 2.496, P < 0.05).

Conclusion Posture control ability decreases in older adults, mainly for decreasing visual and vestibular inputs and impairing in ankle and hip strategies.

Key words: elderly, postural control, balance, sensory system, hip strategy

中图分类号:

R318.01

段林茹, 郑洁皎, 郑拥军, 丁建伟. 老年人与青年人姿势控制能力的差异[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(7): 846-852.

DUAN Linru, ZHENG Jiejiao, ZHENG Yongjun, DING Jianwei. Difference in posture control ability between elderly and young people[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(7): 846-852.

图/表 5

表1

图1

表2

两组平衡得分比较"

变量	组别	n	$x - ± s$	t值	P值
SOT1	青年组	30	94.233±1.245	1.064	0.292
	老年组	30	93.889±1.257
SOT2	青年组	30	92.744±1.755	1.141	0.259
	老年组	30	92.156±2.212
SOT3	青年组	30	91.012±3.541	0.954	0.344
	老年组	30	90.234±2.721
SOT4	青年组	30	82.733±8.069	3.887	< 0.001
	老年组	30	74.100±9.104
SOT5	青年组	30	69.522±7.935	4.651	< 0.001
	老年组	30	57.455±11.788
SOT6	青年组	30	66.311±10.991	4.357	< 0.001
	老年组	30	55.855±7.210
SOT综合值	青年组	30	79.533±5.532	5.603	< 0.001
	老年组	30	72.933±3.321

表2

表3

两组感觉系统信息得分比较"

变量	组别	n	$x - ± s$	t值	P值
本体感觉	青年组	30	0.984±0.015	0.612	0.543
	老年组	30	0.982±0.019
视觉	青年组	30	0.878±0.088	3.815	< 0.001
	老年组	30	0.789±0.093
前庭觉	青年组	30	0.738±0.086	4.508	< 0.001
	老年组	30	0.612±0.126
视觉依赖	青年组	30	0.970±0.061	-0.618	0.539
	老年组	30	0.982±0.088

表3

表4

两组策略得分比较"

变量	组别	n	$x - ± s$	t值	P值
策略1	青年组	30	98.600±2.100	6.896	< 0.001
	老年组	30	94.456±2.535
策略2	青年组	30	98.355±2.454	6.937	< 0.001
	老年组	30	93.267±3.181
策略3	青年组	30	98.278±2.369	8.078	< 0.001
	老年组	30	92.956±2.721
策略4	青年组	30	84.166±6.322	2.986	0.005
	老年组	30	77.011±11.499
策略5	青年组	30	76.367±10.038	2.496	0.015
	老年组	30	70.467±8.181
策略6	青年组	30	75.178±12.163	2.822	0.007
	老年组	30	66.856±10.628

表4

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组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	身高/cm	体质量指数/(kg⋅m^-2)
青年组	30	12/18	21.367±1.586	168.433±8.270	21.251±2.812
老年组	30	18/12	77.000±8.154	166.400±7.010	23.758±2.933
χ²/t值		2.400^a	-36.684^b	1.027^b	-3.380^b
P值		0.121	< 0.001	0.309	0.051

老年人与青年人姿势控制能力的差异

Difference in posture control ability between elderly and young people

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