听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.07.013

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 853-861.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.07.013

听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征分析

蔡勇刚¹(), 张腾¹, 刘天钦¹, 王建芬², 高晓慧³, 杜晓新⁴

1.聊城大学教育科学学院，山东聊城市 252000
2.聊城市特殊教育学校，山东聊城市 252000
3.重庆师范大学教育科学学院，重庆市 401331
4.华东师范大学教育学部，上海市 200062

收稿日期:2025-02-05 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-30
通讯作者: 蔡勇刚，E-mail： caiyonggang1@lcu.edu.cn
作者简介:蔡勇刚(1987-)，男，汉族，山东聊城市人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向：特殊儿童认知与康复。
基金资助:
1.山东省教育学会"十四五"规划青年课题(2023LXQ009);2.重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0011)

Cognitive inhibition characteristics of children with hearing impairment

CAI Yonggang¹(), ZHANG Teng¹, LIU Tianqin¹, WANG Jianfen², GAO Xiaohui³, DU Xiaoxin⁴

1. School of Education Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
2. Liaocheng Special Education School, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
3. School of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
4. Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-06-23 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-07-30
Contact: CAI Yonggang, E-mail:caiyonggang1@lcu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The 14th Five-Year Plan of Shandong Provincial Education Society (Youth)(2023LXQ009);Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Special Program (Key)(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0011)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征及不同材料类型对其认知抑制的影响。

方法 2024年6月至2025年1月，随机选取聊城市特殊教育学校听力障碍儿童21例和聊城市阳谷县郭屯镇中心小学儿童20例，采用有意遗忘任务进行混合实验，利用Eprime 3.0呈现实验程序，采用纸笔测验记录回忆成绩。

结果剔除3例听力障碍儿童和2例普通儿童。听力障碍儿童的回忆成绩显著低于普通儿童(F = 13.545, P < 0.001)；普通儿童记忆条件下回忆成绩显著低于遗忘条件(P < 0.001)，听力障碍儿童记忆条件与遗忘条件下回忆成绩无显著性差异(P > 0.05)；无论字母或图形材料，两组遗忘条件下的回忆成绩均明显高于记忆条件(P < 0.01)。

结论听力障碍儿童认知抑制能力落后于普通儿童，材料类型未影响个体认知抑制表现。

关键词: 听力障碍, 儿童, 认知抑制, 材料类型, 编码方式

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive inhibition in children with hearing impairment and the impact of different types of materials on their cognitive inhibition.

Methods From June, 2024 to January, 2025, 21 children with hearing impairment from Liaocheng Special Education School and 20 typically developing children from Guotun Town Central Primary School in Yanggu County, Liaocheng were randomly selected. A directed forgetting task was used in a mixed experimental design. The experimental procedure was presented using Eprime 3.0, and recall performance was recorded through paper-and-pencil tests.

Results Three children with hearing impairment and two typically developing children were dropped down. The children with hearing impairment scored significantly lower on recall tasks than the typically developing children (F = 13.545, P < 0.001). In the typically developing children, recall performance under the memory condition was significantly lower than under the forgetting condition (P < 0.001). In the children with hearing impairment, there was no significant difference in recall performance between the memory condition and the forgetting condition (P > 0.05). Regardless of whether the materials were letters or figures, all the children showed significantly higher recall scores under the forgetting condition compared to the memory condition (P < 0.01).

Conclusion Children with hearing impairment exhibit weaker cognitive inhibition compared to typically developing children. The type of materials doesn't impact individuals' cognitive inhibition performance.

Key words: hearing impairment, children, cognitive inhibition, material type, encoding mode

中图分类号:

R764

蔡勇刚, 张腾, 刘天钦, 王建芬, 高晓慧, 杜晓新. 听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(7): 853-861.

CAI Yonggang, ZHANG Teng, LIU Tianqin, WANG Jianfen, GAO Xiaohui, DU Xiaoxin. Cognitive inhibition characteristics of children with hearing impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(7): 853-861.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

两组回忆成绩的重复测量方差分析结果"

变异来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
组别	33.135	1	33.135	13.545	< 0.001
材料类型	0.282	1	0.282	0.252	0.619
试验条件	126.668	2	63.334	58.367	< 0.001
组别 $×$ 材料类型	30.676	1	30.676	27.478	< 0.001
组别 $×$ 试验条件	15.240	2	7.620	7.022	0.002
材料类型 $×$ 试验条件	7.498	2	3.749	5.192	0.008
组别 $×$ 材料类型 $×$ 试验条件	0.930	2	0.465	0.644	0.528

表2

表3

表4

表5

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组别	n	试验条件	字母材料		图形材料
组别	n	试验条件	均数	标准差	均数	标准差
普通儿童	18	控制条件	4.90	0.27	3.64	0.21
		TBR条件	2.40	0.30	1.82	0.25
		TBF条件	3.81	0.24	3.17	0.27
听力障碍儿童	18	控制条件	3.40	0.27	3.50	0.21
		TBR条件	1.60	0.30	2.30	0.25
		TBF条件	1.40	0.24	2.60	0.27

因素			均值差	P值	95%CI
组别	试验条件		均值差	P值	下限	上限
听力障碍儿童	控制条件	TBR条件	1.561	< 0.001	0.884	2.238
	控制条件	TBF条件	1.483	< 0.001	0.842	2.125
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.078	0.975	-0.597	0.442
普通儿童	控制条件	TBR条件	2.161	< 0.001	1.484	2.838
	控制条件	TBF条件	0.783	0.013	0.142	1.425
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-1.378	< 0.001	-1.897	-0.858

因素			均值差	P值	95%CI
材料类型	试验条件		均值差	P值	下限	上限
字母	控制条件	TBR条件	2.189	< 0.001	1.551	2.826
	控制条件	TBF条件	1.572	< 0.001	0.963	2.182
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.617	0.009	-1.101	-0.132
图形	控制条件	TBR条件	1.533	< 0.001	0.988	2.079
	控制条件	TBF条件	0.694	0.009	0.150	1.239
	TBR条件	TBF条件	-0.839	< 0.001	-1.380	-0.298

听力障碍儿童认知抑制特征分析

Cognitive inhibition characteristics of children with hearing impairment

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