不同脑梗死部位及神经功能缺损程度的脑电图功率谱特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨不同病灶部位和神经功能缺损程度脑梗死患者脑电图相对功率谱特征。
方法 2024年2月至2025年5月，于石家庄市人民医院完成脑电图检查的脑梗死患者70例，依据入院头颅MRI/CT影像资料分为皮质组(n = 19)和皮质下组(n = 51)，依据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和Barthel指数评分分为轻度组(n = 53)和中重度组(n = 17)。所有患者均接受32导视频脑电图检测，选取8个电极(F3、F4、P3、P4、T3、T4、O1、O2)，计算α波、θ波功率谱密度及(δ+θ)/(α+β) (DTABR)值。
结果 8个电极中，皮质组较皮质下组的DTABR均升高(|Z| ≥ 2.047, P < 0.05)，皮质组α波相对功率降低(|Z| ≥ 1.968, P < 0.05)，θ波相对功率升高(|Z| ≥ 1.988, P < 0.05)；中重度组DTABR高于轻度组(|Z| ≥ 2.263, P < 0.05)。
结论 DTABR升高提示病灶位于皮质或神经功能受损更严重，α波降低和θ波升高主要见于皮质病灶患者，可为识别皮质受累提供脑电图指标。

关键词: 脑梗死, 脑电图, 神经功能缺损, 病灶

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the relative electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum in cerebral infarction patients with different lesion locations and neurological deficit severities.
Methods From February, 2024 to May, 2025, 70 patients with cerebral infarction who completed EEG examinations at Shijiazhuang People's Hospital were enrolled. They were divided into cortical group (n = 19) and subcortical group (n = 51) based on admission MRI/CT imaging, and divided into mild group (n = 53) and moderate-to-severe group (n = 17) according to the scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index. All patients underwent 32-channel video-EEG monitoring. The power spectral density of α and θ waves, and the (δ + θ)/(α + β) ratio (DTABR) were analyzed in eight electrodes of F3, F4, P3, P4, T3, T4, O1 and O2.
Results DTABR was higher in the cortical group than in the subcortical group across all eight electrodes (|Z| ≥ 2.047, P < 0.05), while the relative power decreased in α waves (|Z| ≥ 1.968, P < 0.05), and increased in θ waves (|Z| ≥ 1.988, P < 0.05) in the cortical group. DTABR was higher in the moderate-to-severe group than in the mild group (|Z| ≥ 2.263, P < 0.05).
Conclusion Elevated DTABR suggests cortical involvement or more severe neurological impairment, and decreased α wave and increased θ wave activity are primarily observed in patients with cortical lesions, potentially serving as EEG indicators for identifying cortical involvement.

Key words: cerebral infarction, electroencephalogram, neurological deficit, focus

中图分类号:

R743.32

赵新颖, 于福达, 王慧, 李晓峰, 张笑娣, 白冬儿, 李嘉民. 不同脑梗死部位及神经功能缺损程度的脑电图功率谱特征[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(10): 1188-1193.

ZHAO Xinying, YU Fuda, WANG Hui, LI Xiaofeng, ZHANG Xiaodi, BAI Donger, LI Jiamin. Characteristics of electroencephalogram power spectrum in cerebral infarction of various sites and neurological deficit serverites[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(10): 1188-1193.

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组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	高血压(有/无)/n	糖尿病(有/无)/n	吸烟史(有/无)/n	饮酒史(有/无)/n	NIHSS评分	Barthel指数评分
皮质组	19	10/9	62.74±9.79	16/3	7/12	8/11	5/14	5.10±4.47	67.36±33.59
皮质下组	51	34/17	69.08±10.44	38/13	19/32	13/38	11/40	2.13±3.18	76.66±24.20
χ²/Z值		1.168	0.025	0.781	0.001	1.820	0.173	3.881	3.813
P值		0.280	0.875	0.529	0.975	0.177	0.674	0.053	0.055

组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	高血压(有/无)/n	糖尿病(有/无)/n	吸烟史(有/无)/n	饮酒史(有/无)/n	病灶位置(有/无)/n
轻度组	53	33/20	67.37±10.49	41/12	19/34	15/38	11/42	15/38
中重度组	17	10/7	67.64±10.97	13/4	8/9	6/11	5/12	6/11
χ²/Z值		0.800	0.000	0.006	0.683	0.300	0.547	0.300
P值		0.064	0.999	0.940	0.409	0.584	0.460	0.584