《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》

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基于眼动的孤独症儿童词语理解特点的研究①

王梅1，张海丛1，张群2，王英华2   

  1. 1.北京联合大学特殊教育学院，北京市100075；2.北京朝阳区新源西里小学，北京市100027。
  • 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-06-01

Words Comprehension in Autistic Children: Based on Eyes Movement

WANG Mei1, ZHANG Hai-cong1, ZHANG Qun2, WANG Ying-hua2   

  1. 1. Special Education College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100075, China; 2. Xinyuan Xili Primary School of Chaoyang, Beijing 100027, China
  • Published:2016-03-25 Online:2016-06-01

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摘要： 目的了解孤独症儿童对常见名词及名词词组的理解机制。方法2014 年11 月~2015 年4 月，接受特殊教育的7~14岁孤独症儿童43 名、唐氏综合征儿童10 名，7~8 岁普通儿童42 名，佩戴TobiiⅡ眼镜式眼动仪进行图片指认测试。结果普通儿童词语理解正确性好于孤独症和唐氏综合征儿童(χ2>5.647, P<0.05)；普通儿童在正确图片上注视点集中程度多于孤独症和唐氏综合征儿童(χ2>6.248, P<0.05)。与普通儿童相比，孤独症儿童在理解名词性词组时注视点集中在非中心词的特征明显(χ2>7.15, P<0.05)；提问前后注视点的变化趋势与普通儿童不同(χ2>5.04, P<0.05)。结论孤独症儿童在理解名词性偏正词组过程中，存在按语音顺序理解而偏离中心词的特点，词义的正确理解与注视点集中程度有关；孤独症儿童词语理解更容易受视觉干扰。

关键词: 孤独症, 儿童, 眼动, 理解, 名词

Abstract: Objective To investigate the charactoristics of comprehension of words or phrases of nouns in chidren with autism. Methods From November, 2014 to April, 2015, 43 children with autism and 10 with Down's syndrome aged 7-14 years accepting special education, and other 42 normal children aged 7-8 years were asked to identify the pictures according to the words, wearing Tobii II Glasses to record eyes movement. Results The incidence of right answer was more in the normal children than in the ones with autism or Down's syndrome (χ2>5.647, P<0.05), and more focused on the right pictures (χ2>6.248, P<0.05). For the phrases, the children with autism tended to focus on the words as the order of speech, but not the center word (χ2>7.15, P<0.05). For the words, the first views after questions were different from the children with autism to the normal children (χ2>5.04, P<0.05). Conclusion Children with autism tend to focus on the words as the order of speech, but not the center word, which may influence the phrases understanding, and be influenced by the intuitive vision.

Key words: autism, children, eyes movement, comprehension, words