核心训练联合呼吸训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者多裂肌和腹横肌的形态学及功能效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.01.010

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 107-116.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.01.010

核心训练联合呼吸训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者多裂肌和腹横肌的形态学及功能效果

宋佳苧, 娄晓乐, 刘换, 韩雪, 徐磊, 王敏()

蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院康复医学科，安徽蚌埠市 233000

收稿日期:2024-10-06 修回日期:2024-12-21 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-22
通讯作者: 王敏(1964-），男，汉族，安徽淮南市人，主任医师，硕士研究生导师，主要研究方向：神经康复，E-mail： charleywangmin@126.com。
作者简介:宋佳苧(1999-)，女，汉族，山西运城市人，硕士研究生，治疗师，主要研究方向：肌骨康复。
基金资助:
1.安徽省临床医学研究转化专项项目(202304295107020085);2.安徽省中医药领军人才建设项目(康复)(2018-23-1);3.蚌埠医科大学研究生科研创新计划150项资助立项项目(Byycx23067)

Morphologic and functional effect of core training combined with respiratory training on multifidus and transversus abdominis in patients with lumbar disc herniation

SONG Jianing, LOU Xiaole, LIU Huan, HAN Xue, XU Lei, WANG Min()

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China

Received:2024-10-06 Revised:2024-12-21 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-22
Contact: WANG Min, E-mail: charleywangmin@126.com
Supported by:
Anhui Province Clinical Medical Research Translation Special Program(202304295107020085);Anhui Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Leading Talents Construction Project (rehabilitation)(2018-23-1);Bengbu Medical University Graduate Student Research and Innovation Program 150 Grants Established Projects (No. Byycx23067)(Byycx23067)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨在核心稳定训练基础上联合呼吸训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者的效果。

方法 2023年1月至2024年10月蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院收治的96例腰椎间盘突出症患者，随机分为对照组(n = 32)、核心组(n = 32)和呼吸组(n = 32)。各组均进行常规康复治疗，核心组行核心稳定训练，呼吸组行呼吸训练联合核心稳定训练，共4周。比较训练前后视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科协会量表(JOA)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分；采用表面肌电图(sEMG)检测多裂肌、腹横肌的平均肌电值(AEMG)和均方根值(RMS)；肌骨超声测量患侧多裂肌和腹横肌厚度。

结果各组VAS、JOA和ODI评分的组内效应(F > 597.796, P < 0.001)、组间效应(F > 16.535, P < 0.001)和交互效应(F > 49.622, P < 0.001)均显著。两两比较，呼吸组优于核心组和对照组(P < 0.05)，核心组显著优于对照组(P < 0.001)。各组腹横肌和多裂肌厚度的组内效应(F > 7971.631, P < 0.001)、组间效应(F > 177.760, P < 0.001)和交互效应(F > 478.771, P < 0.001)均显著；两两比较，呼吸组显著优于核心组和对照组(P < 0.001)，核心组显著优于对照组(P < 0.001)。各组多裂肌和腹横肌RMS的组内效应(F > 144303.007, P < 0.001)、组间效应(F > 1495.458, P < 0.001)和交互效应 (F > 3121.361, P < 0.001)均显著；两两比较，呼吸组显著优于核心组和对照组(P < 0.001)，核心组显著优于对照组(P < 0.01)。各组多裂肌和腹横肌AEMG的组内效应(F > 1890.532, P < 0.001)、组间效应(F > 607.132, P < 0.001)和交互效应(F > 824.923, P < 0.001) 均显著；两两比较，呼吸组显著优于核心组和对照组(P < 0.001)，核心组显著优于对照组(P < 0.001)。

结论核心训练联合呼吸训练可以通过增强核心肌群的力量和控制能力，能够减轻腰椎间盘突出症患者疼痛，改善功能障碍，从而提高生活质量。

关键词: 腰椎间盘突出, 核心稳定性训练, 呼吸训练, 超声成像

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of respiratory training based on core stabilization training on lumbar disc herniation.

Methods From January, 2023 to October, 2024, 96 patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were divided into control group (n = 32), core group (n= 32) and respiratory group (n = 32). All the groups underwent conventional rehabilitation therapy, with core stabilization training in the core group and respiratory training combined with core stabilization training in the respiratory group, additionally, for four weeks. Before and after training, the scores of Visual Analogue Scale, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) were compared, the average electromyographic value (AEMG) and root mean square (RMS) value of the multifidus and transversus abdominis were detected by surface electromyography (sEMG); and the thickness of the multifidus and transversus abdominis were measured by musculoskeletal ultrasonography bilaterally.

Results The intra-group effect (F > 597.796, P< 0.001), inter-group effect (F > 16.535, P< 0.001) and interaction effect (F > 49.622, P< 0.001) were significant in the scores of VAS, JOA and ODI; which were better in the respiratory group than in the control group and the core group (P< 0.05), and were better in the core group than in the control group (P< 0.001). The intra-group effect (F > 7971.631, P< 0.001), inter-group effect (F > 177.760, P< 0.001) and interaction effect (F > 478.771, P< 0.001) were significant in the thickness of the transversus abdominis and multifidus; which were better in the respiratory group than in the control group and the core group (P< 0.001), and were better in the core group than in the control group (P< 0.001). The intra-group effect (F > 144303.007, P< 0.001), inter-group effect (F > 1495.458, P< 0.001) and interaction effect (F > 3121.361, P < 0.001) were significant in the RMS of the multifidus and transversus abdominis; which were better in the respiratory group than in the control group and the core group (P< 0.001), and were better in the core group than in the control group (P< 0.001). The intra-group effect (F > 1890.532, P< 0.001), inter-group effect (F > 607.132, P< 0.001) and interaction effect (F > 824.923, P< 0.001) were significant in the AEMG of the multifidus and transversus abdominis; which were better in the respiratory group than in the control group and core group (P< 0.001), and were better in the core group than in the control group (P< 0.001).

Conclusion Core training combined with respiratory training can more effectively reduce pain and improve dysfunction by enhancing the strength and control of the core muscles， thus improving the quality of life of patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Key words: lumbar disc herniation, core stability training, respiratory training, ultrasound imaging

中图分类号:

R681.53

宋佳苧, 娄晓乐, 刘换, 韩雪, 徐磊, 王敏. 核心训练联合呼吸训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者多裂肌和腹横肌的形态学及功能效果[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2025, 31(1): 107-116.

SONG Jianing, LOU Xiaole, LIU Huan, HAN Xue, XU Lei, WANG Min. Morphologic and functional effect of core training combined with respiratory training on multifidus and transversus abdominis in patients with lumbar disc herniation[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2025, 31(1): 107-116.

图/表 14

表1

各组基线资料比较"

组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	病程/d	身高/cm	体质量/kg	体质量指数/(kg $⋅$ m^-2)
对照组	32	19/13	40.69±8.16	107.19±7.37	168.64±6.85	67.08±7.52	23.52±1.33
核心组	32	16/16	41.53±6.21	106.22±7.34	168.87±4.60	65.82±6.46	23.02±1.18
呼吸组	32	16/16	39.00±9.99	108.59±7.60	168.89±5.55	65.14±8.11	22.73±1.52
χ²/F值		0.753	0.778	0.825	0.018	0.572	2.791
P值		0.686	0.462	0.441	0.982	0.566	0.066

表1

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表14

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编号	训练内容
1	四点跪位，脊柱中立位，持续收缩10 s，保持自然呼吸
2	基于初始姿势(即步骤1所示)，缓慢将右上肢抬起，直至完全伸展，持续15 s，随后平稳放下，重复对侧动作
3	基于初始姿势(即步骤1所示)，缓慢将左下肢抬起，直至完全伸展，持续15 s，随后平稳放下，重复对侧动作
4	基于初始姿势(即步骤1所示)，缓慢将左下肢抬起，直至完全伸展，同时抬起右上肢，持续15 s，随后平稳放下，重复对侧动作
5	基于初始姿势(即步骤1所示)，将左下肢抬起至完全伸展再抬起右上肢，下肢交替伸直-屈曲。然后返回，重复对侧动作

变量	组别	n	治疗前		治疗后
变量	组别	n	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
VAS	对照组	32	4.22	1.26	3.28	1.51
	核心组	32	4.38	1.24	2.59	1.52
	呼吸组	32	4.41	1.13	2.16	1.22
JOA	对照组	32	12.41	1.48	15.63	1.36
	核心组	32	12.44	1.41	18.22	1.39
	呼吸组	32	12.28	1.28	20.44	1.41
ODI	对照组	32	38.50	1.90	28.44	1.58
	核心组	32	37.97	1.94	21.44	1.41
	呼吸组	32	38.19	1.89	18.50	1.59

变量		平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
VAS	组间	7.073	2	3.536	16.535	< 0.001
	组内	131.672	1	131.672	597.796	< 0.001
	组内×组间	14.156	2	7.078	49.622	< 0.001
JOA	组间	176.625	2	88.313	816.205	< 0.001
	组内	1569.797	1	1569.797	23896.243	< 0.001
	组内×组间	195.125	2	97.562	1091.526	< 0.001
ODI	组间	902.260	2	451.130	3082.809	< 0.001
	组内	11423.755	1	11423.755	29320.479	< 0.001
	组内×组间	770.385	2	385.193	2883.858	< 0.001

变量	组别		平均值差	P值	95%CI
变量	组别		平均值差	P值	下限	上限
VAS	对照组	呼吸组	0.266	0.014	0.046	0.486
	对照组	核心组	0.469	< 0.001	0.257	0.681
	呼吸组	核心组	0.203	0.030	0.016	0.390
JOA	对照组	呼吸组	-1.312	< 0.001	-1.481	-1.144
	对照组	核心组	-2.344	< 0.001	-2.509	-2.179
	呼吸组	核心组	-1.031	< 0.001	-1.129	-0.934
ODI	对照组	呼吸组	3.766	< 0.001	3.586	3.945
	对照组	核心组	5.125	< 0.001	4.964	5.286
	呼吸组	核心组	1.359	< 0.001	1.187	1.532

变量	组别	n	治疗前		治疗后
变量	组别	n	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
多裂肌厚度	对照组	32	9.86	0.18	10.48	0.16
	核心组	32	9.80	0.18	11.07	0.15
	呼吸组	32	9.77	0.19	11.36	0.15
腹横肌厚度	对照组	32	12.41	1.48	15.63	1.36
	核心组	32	12.44	1.41	18.22	1.39
	呼吸组	32	12.28	1.28	20.44	1.41

核心训练联合呼吸训练对腰椎间盘突出症患者多裂肌和腹横肌的形态学及功能效果

Morphologic and functional effect of core training combined with respiratory training on multifidus and transversus abdominis in patients with lumbar disc herniation

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变量		平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
多裂肌厚度	组间	5.181	2	2.591	177.760	< 0.001
	组内	64.103	1	64.103	7971.631	< 0.001
	组内×组间	7.730	2	3.865	478.771	< 0.001
腹横肌厚度	组间	176.625	2	88.313	816.205	< 0.001
	组内	1569.797	1	1569.797	23896.243	< 0.001
	组内×组间	195.125	2	97.562	1091.526	< 0.001

变量		平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
多裂肌RMS	组间	1635.612	2	817.806	1495.458	< 0.001
	组内	9083.252	1	9083.252	24295.658	< 0.001
	组内×组间	1621.101	2	810.550	3121.361	< 0.001
腹横肌RMS	组间	3279.954	2	1639.977	9325.126	< 0.001
	组内	17432.848	1	17432.848	144303.007	< 0.001
	组内×组间	3359.959	2	1679.980	9644.435	< 0.001

变量		平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
多裂肌AMEG	组间	398.949	2	199.475	607.132	< 0.001
	组内	1890.532	1	1890.532	3637.316	< 0.001
	组内×组间	422.373	2	211.187	824.923	< 0.001
腹横肌AMEG	组间	1599.998	2	799.999	4669.470	< 0.001
	组内	7223.595	1	7223.595	13718.319	< 0.001
	组内×组间	1625.358	2	812.679	6123.054	< 0.001

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变量	组别	n	治疗前		治疗后
变量	组别	n	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
多裂肌RMS	对照组	32	49.54	1.69	56.60	1.59
	核心组	32	49.83	1.55	62.80	1.59
	呼吸组	32	49.59	1.85	70.83	2.06
腹横肌RMS	对照组	32	65.74	1.51	75.76	1.73
	核心组	32	65.57	1.86	82.54	1.65
	呼吸组	32	65.59	1.63	95.78	2.11

变量	组别	n	治疗前		治疗后
变量	组别	n	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
多裂肌AMEG	对照组	32	42.79	2.11	45.69	1.83
	核心组	32	42.79	1.93	48.60	1.60
	呼吸组	32	42.70	1.83	52.81	1.73
腹横肌AMEG	对照组	32	58.03	1.62	63.39	2.06
	核心组	32	57.93	1.63	69.78	1.77
	呼吸组	32	57.97	1.70	77.56	1.65