《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 99-106.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2025.01.009

• 康复政策与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

教育领域辅助技术服务体系研究

杨剑1,2(), 杨亚茹1,2   

  1. 1.华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海市 200241
    2.世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市 100068
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 杨剑,E-mail: yangjianxz@sina.com
  • 作者简介:杨剑(1970-),男,汉族,江苏徐州市人,博士,教授,世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心专家委员,中国心理学会康复心理学专委会副主任委员,中国残疾人康复协会残疾分类研究专业委员会副主任委员,主要研究方向:儿童青少年体育与健康、儿童青少年健康、ICF、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学、康复心理学、残疾研究。
  • 基金资助:
    1.中国残联课题残疾人辅助器具专项(2023CDPFAT-29);2.上海高校"立德树人"人文社会科学重点研究基地子项目(1100-41222-16057);3. 青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地子项目(11001-412321-17006)

Assistive technology service system in education

YANG Jian1,2(), YANG Yaru1,2   

  1. 1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    2. WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China, Beijing 100068, China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-22
  • Contact: YANG Jian, E-mail: yangjianxz@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    China Disabled Persons' Federation Research Project on Assistive Technology(2023CDPFAT-29);Shanghai University Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(1100-41222-16057);Shanghai Social Science Research Base for Youth Physical Education(11001-412321-17006)

摘要:

目的 本研究基于世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)的相关政策文件,探讨教育领域辅助技术服务体系的核心内容、结构要素及实施路径。

方法 系统分析WHO和UNESCO的相关政策文件,包括WHO《全球辅助技术合作计划(GATE)》和UNESCO《教育2030行动框架》,基于WHO辅助技术服务的5P模式(政策、产品、人员、服务提供和场所)对教育情境下的辅助技术服务体系进行系统探讨。

结果 教育领域辅助技术服务体系是一个多维度、综合性服务体系。完善的政策法规是体系有效运行的基石。辅助技术产品是体系的核心组成部分,涵盖各种硬件、软件和辅助工具等;产品的可及性、可负担性、适用性和易用性是影响其有效应用的关键因素。专业人员是体系有效运行的保障,包括经过专业培训的教师、康复治疗师、技术人员、社工等;人员的专业能力、服务意识和跨专业协作能力至关重要。完善的服务提供机制是体系有效运行的关键,包括需求评估、适配、培训、维护、跟踪和支持等环节;服务的及时性、有效性和个性化程度直接影响最终效果。适宜的教育场所和环境是服务体系有效运行的保障;无障碍的校园环境、配备必要设备的教室和资源中心等是服务体系的重要组成部分。

结论 构建符合中国国情的教育辅助技术服务体系,需要基于5P模式,制定和完善国家层面的辅助技术相关法律法规和标准,加大资金投入,建立统一的评估和监管体系。加强产品研发和推广,提高产品的适配性和易用性。建立多层次、多学科的专业人员培训体系,提高现有人员的专业能力和服务水平。优化服务提供机制,建立以学生为中心的个性化服务模式。将无障碍教育环境建设与辅助技术服务体系建设融合发展,加快推进校园无障碍环境建设,配备必要的设备和资源。

关键词: 辅助技术, 服务体系, 5P模式

Abstract:

Objective To explore the core content, structural elements and implementation pathways of assistive technology service system in education, based on relevant policy documents from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Methods The documents from WHO and UNESCO, such as WHO Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology and UNESCO Education 2030 Framework for Action, were systematically analyzed, and the assistive technology service system in educational settings was discussed based on WHO 5P model (Policy, Products, People, Provision and Place).

Results The assistive technology service system in education was a multi-dimensional and comprehensive service system. Policies and regulations were the cornerstone of the system. Assistive technology products were the core components of the system, encompassing various hardware, software and assistive tools. The accessibility, affordability, applicability and usability of the products were critical factors affecting their effective application. Professional personnel were the guarantee of the system, including professionally trained teachers, rehabilitation therapists, technicians, social workers, etc. The professional competence, service awareness and interprofessional collaboration ability of personnel were crucial. Service provision mechanism was the key to the system, including needs assessment, matching, training, maintenance, tracking and support. The timeliness, effectiveness and personalization of services directly affected the final outcome. Suitable educational places and environments were the guarantee for the effective operation of the service system. Accessible campus environments, classrooms equipped with necessary equipment and resource centers were important components of the service system.

Conclusion To construct an assistive technology service system suitable for China's national conditions, based on the 5P model, it is necessary to formulate and improve national laws, regulations and standards related to assistive technology, increase financial investment, and establish a unified evaluation and supervision system; strengthen product research, development and promotion, improve product applicability and usability; establish a multi-level, multi-disciplinary professional personnel training system to improve the professional competence and service level of existing personnel; optimize the service provision mechanism and establish a student-centered personalized service model; and integrate the development of accessible educational environments with the construction of assistive technology service systems, accelerating the construction of accessible campus environments and equipping them with necessary equipment and resources.

Key words: assistive technology, service system, 5P model

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