《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 13-22.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.01.002

• 专题 平衡功能 • 上一篇    下一篇

中老年人平衡功能障碍的相关因素及其与功能性下肢肌力的关联：基于CHARLS数据库的分析

张季辉1, 伊龙悦1,2, 杨远滨1()   

  1. 1.中国中医科学院望京医院，北京市 100102
    2.北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院，北京市 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 杨远滨(1967-)，女，博士，主任医师，主要研究方向：中西医结合神经康复、骨科康复。E-mail： duyiran0506@126.com
  • 作者简介:张季辉(1999-)，男，汉族，山东枣庄市人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：中西医结合康复。
  • 基金资助:
    1.中国中医科学院望京医院自主选题专项课题(WJYY-ZZXT-2025-14);2.中国中医科学院望京医院高水平中医医院建设项目(WJYY-XZKT-2023-24)

Associated factors of balance dysfunction and its correlation with functional lower limb muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis based on CHARLS database

ZHANG Jihui1, YI Longyue1,2, YANG Yuanbin1()   

  1. 1. Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
    2. School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2025-11-07 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-28
  • Contact: YANG Yuanbin, E-mail: duyiran0506@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Special Research Project on Independently Selected Topics at Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(WJYY-ZZXT-2025-14);Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences High-Level TCM Hospital Construction Project(WJYY-XZKT-2023-24)

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摘要：

目的 明确中老年人平衡功能障碍的多维影响因素，为精准识别高危人群和制定跌倒预防策略提供循证依据。

方法 基于中国健康与养老追踪调查项目(CHARLS)，选取2015年随访数据中年龄≥ 45岁中老年人，收集基本特征、生活习惯和健康状况等信息，采用全串联站立评估平衡功能，采用Logistic回归模型分析影响因素及其与5次坐立试验(FTSST)的相关性。

结果 女性(OR = 1.958, 95%CI 1.706~2.247)、年龄(OR = 1.035, 95%CI 1.030~1.040)、抑郁状态(OR = 1.151, 95%CI 1.050~1.262)、高血压(OR = 1.115, 95%CI 1.015~1.225)、糖尿病(OR = 1.587, 95%CI 1.390~1.813)、卒中病史(OR = 1.582, 95%CI 1.289~1.942)、肌少症(OR = 1.273, 95%CI 1.080~1.500)、日常生活能力受损(OR = 1.306, 95%CI 1.142~1.493)是中老年人平衡功能障碍的危险因素。能够完成FTSST (OR = 0.411, 95%CI 0.341~0.496)和高认知水平(OR = 0.974, 95%CI 0.965~0.983)是中老年人群平衡功能的保护因素。对于能够完成FTSST的人群，在校正混杂因素的情况下，较长的FTSST完成时间增加了平衡功能障碍发生的风险(Q2: OR = 1.287, 95%CI 1.116~1.485; Q3: OR = 1.517, 95%CI 1.321~1.745; Q4: OR = 1.857, 95%CI 1.615~2.137)。

结论 中老年人平衡功能受到多种因素的综合影响，其中FTSST的完成情况与平衡功能障碍呈负相关。

关键词: 中老年, 平衡功能, 5次坐立试验, 中国健康与养老追踪调查

Abstract:

Objective To identify the multidimensional factors influencing balance dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults, providing evidence-based support for the precise identification of high-risk individuals and the formulation of fall prevention strategies.

Methods Drawing upon the 2015 follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), participants aged ≥ 45 years were selected. Information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health status was collected. Balance function was assessed using the full-tandem stance test. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze influencing factors and their correlation with Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) time.

Results Female (OR = 1.958, 95% CI: 1.706 to 2.247), age (OR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.030 to 1.040), depressive state (OR = 1.151, 95% CI: 1.050 to 1.262), hypertension (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.015 to 1.225), diabetes (OR = 1.587, 95% CI: 1.390 to 1.813), history of stroke (OR = 1.582, 95% CI 1.289 to 1.942), sarcopenia (OR = 1.273, 95% CI 1.080 to 1.500) and impaired activity daily living (OR = 1.306, 95% CI 1.142 to 1.493) were risk factors for balance function, while being able to complete FTSST (OR = 0.411, 95% CI 0.341 to 0.496) and having a high cognitive level (OR = 0.974, 95% CI 0.965 to 0.983) were protective factors for balance function. Among those able to complete the FTSST, longer FTSST completion time increased the risk of balance impairment after adjusting for confounding factors (Q2: OR = 1.287, 95%CI 1.116 to 1.485; Q3: OR = 1.517, 95%CI 1.321 to 1.745; Q4: OR = 1.857, 95%CI 1.615 to 2.137).

Conclusion Balance function in middle-aged and older adults is influenced by multiple factors, with FTSST performance showing a significant negative correlation with balance impairment.

Key words: middle-aged and elderly, balance function, Five Times Sit to Stand Test, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

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