150例脊髓损伤伴痉挛患者特点分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2026.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对150例脊髓损伤伴痉挛患者特点进行分析。

方法对2019年9月至2024年12月北京博爱医院脊髓损伤伴痉挛患者150例进行横断面调查。记录年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、损伤程度、痉挛分级和患病时间等，分析不同特征之间的关系，并对患病时间、痉挛分级、损伤平面、损伤程度和年龄进行相关性分析。

结果四肢瘫与截瘫患者年龄分布无显著性差异(Z = 0.806, P = 0.420)。男性外伤(χ² = 3.982, P = 0.046)和四肢瘫(χ² = 10.559, P = 0.010)比例均高于女性。四肢瘫、截瘫患者致伤原因均以外伤为主；外伤患者中四肢瘫高于截瘫，非外伤患者中截瘫高于四肢瘫(χ² = 11.885, P < 0.001)。四肢瘫患者以不完全性损伤为主，截瘫患者以完全性损伤为主(χ² = 10.885, P = 0.012)。外伤患者中A级损伤居多(P = 0.003)。痉挛分级与患病时间(r = 0.175, P = 0.032)和年龄(r = 0.168, P = 0.040)均呈极弱正相关，损伤程度与年龄呈极弱正相关(r = 0.183, P = 0.025)。

结论脊髓损伤后痉挛的特点因患者性别、致伤原因、损伤平面和神经损伤水平等有显著差异。

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 痉挛, 损伤平面, 损伤程度, 美国脊柱损伤协会残损分级

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of 150 patients with spinal cord injury complicated with spasticity.

Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 150 patients with spinal cord injury accompanied by spasticity from September, 2019 to December, 2024. Their age, gender, cause of injury, injury site, severity of injury, spasticity severity and other indicators were recorded. The relationships between different characteristics were analyzed, and a correlation analysis of disease duration, spasticity grade, injury level, injury severity and age were conducted.

Results There was no significant difference in age distribution between patients with tetraplegia and paraplegia (Z = 0.806, P = 0.420). The proportions of trauma (χ² = 3.982, P = 0.046) and tetraplegia (χ² = 10.559, P = 0.010) were higher in males than in females. Trauma was the main cause of injury in both tetraplegia and paraplegia patients; the proportion of tetraplegia was higher than paraplegia in trauma patients, while paraplegia was higher than tetraplegia in non-trauma patients (χ² = 11.885, P < 0.001). Patients with tetraplegia was dominated by incomplete injury, whereas patients with paraplegia was dominated by complete injury (χ² = 10.885, P = 0.012). Grade A injury was predominant in trauma patients (P = 0.003). Spasticity grade showed a very weak positive correlation with disease duration (r = 0.175, P = 0.032) and age (r = 0.168, P = 0.040). Injury severity showed a very weak positive correlation with age (r = 0.183, P = 0.025).

Conclusion Characteristics of patients with spinal cord injury complicated with spasticity is different with gender, cause of injury, injury level, injury severity.

Key words: spinal cord injury, spasticity, injury level, injury severity, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale

中图分类号:

R651.2

逯晓蕾, 王一吉, 刘根林, 郑樱, 郝春霞, 张缨, 康海琼, 卫波, 蒙倩茹, 周红俊. 150例脊髓损伤伴痉挛患者特点分析[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2026, 32(4): 393-398.

LU Xiaolei, WANG Yiji, LIU Genlin, ZHENG Ying, HAO Chunxia, ZHANG Ying, KANG Haiqiong, WEI Bo, MENG Qianru, ZHOU Hongjun. Characteristics of 150 patients with spinal cord injury complicated with spasticity[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2026, 32(4): 393-398.

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项目	患病时间		痉挛分级		AIS
项目	r值	P值	r值	P值	r值	P值
痉挛分级	0.175	0.032
AIS	-0.061	0.461	0.073	0.374
年龄	0.132	0.107	0.168	0.040	0.183	0.025